离子液体介导CO2化学转化研究进展

The efficient utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a C1 feedstock is of great significance for green and sustainable development. Therefore, the efficient chemical conversion of CO₂ into value-added products has recently attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. The transformation of CO₂ generally requires high-energy substrates, specific catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions due to its high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. Consequently, several efforts have been dedicated toward the development of high-performance catalysts and new reaction routes for CO₂ conversion over the last few decades. To date, many routes of convert CO₂ into value-added chemicals have been proposed, together with the development of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Among the advanced catalysts reported to date, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely investigated and show great potential for the efficient, selective, and economical conversion of CO₂ into highly valuable products under mild conditions, even under ambient conditions. Some task-specific ILs have been designed with unique functional groups (e.g., —OH, —SO₃H, —NH₂, —COOH, and —C≡N), which can act as the solvent, absorbent, activating agent, catalyst, or cocatalyst to realize the transformation of CO₂ under metal-free and mild conditions. In addition, a variety of catalytic systems composed of ILs and metal catalysts have also been reported for the transformation of CO₂, in which the combination of the IL and metal catalyst is responsible for CO₂ conversion with high efficiency. In this review article, we summarize the recent advances in IL-mediated CO₂ transformation into chemicals prepared via C—O, C—N, C—S, C—H, and C—C bond forming processes. ILs that can chemically capture CO₂ with high capacity are first introduced, which can activate CO₂ via the formation of IL-based carbonates or carbamates, thus realizing the transformation of CO₂ under metal-free and mild conditions. Recent progress in IL-mediated CO₂ transformations to form carbonates and various kinds of N- and S-containing compounds (e.g., oxazolidinones, ureas, benzimidazolones, formamides, methylamines, benzothiazoles, and other chemicals) as well as CO₂ hydrogenation to give formic acid, methane, acetic acid, low-carbon alcohols, and hydrocarbons has been summarized in this review with a focus on the reaction routes, catalytic systems, and reaction mechanism. In these reactions, ILs can simultaneously activate the substrate via strong H-bonding in addition to activating CO₂, and the cooperative effects among the ionic and molecular species and metal catalysts accomplish the reactions of CO₂ with various kinds of substrates to afford a wide range of value-added chemicals. Finally, the shortcomings and perspectives of ILs are discussed. In short, IL-mediated CO₂ transformations provide green and effective routes for the synthesis of high-value chemicals, which may have great potential for a wide range of applications.     

Tuning Thiophene with Phosphorus: Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Benzobisthiaphospholes

1,4‐Dimercapto‐2,5‐diphosphinobenzene and 3,6‐bis(hexyloxy)‐1,4‐dimercapto‐2,5‐diphosphinobenzene were synthesized and combined with various acid chlorides to obtain a series of benzobisthiaphospholes. Electrochemical and photophysical properties of the substituted benzobisthiaphospholes have been evaluated, and the observed reductions are more facile than the related benzothiaphospholes and 2,6‐diphenylbenzobisthiazole. A benzobisthiaphosphole with C₆H₄‐p‐CN substituents was reduced at E_1/2=?1.08 V (vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)). X‐ray diffraction data for several of these phosphorus heterocycles has been obtained, and DFT calculations at the B3LYP level have been performed.     

A heat flow for the critical Trudinger-Moser functional on a closed Riemann surface

Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry - In this paper, we propose a heat flow for the critical Trudinger-Moser functional on a closed Riemann surface $$(\Sigma ,g)$$ . We prove its short time...     

Biodegradable thermo‐ and pH‐responsive hydrogels for oral drug delivery

In this article, novel smart hydrogels based on biodegradable pH sensitive poly(L ‐glutamic acid‐g‐2‐hydroxylethyl methacrylate) (PGH) chains and temperature‐sensitive hydroxypropylcellulose‐g‐acrylic acid (HPC‐g‐AA) segments were designed and synthesized. The influence of pH and temperature on the equilibrium swelling ratios of the hydrogels was discussed. The optical transmittance of the hydrogels was also changed as a function of temperature, which reflecting that the HPC‐g‐AA part of the hydrogels became hydrophobic at the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). At the same time, the LCST of the hydrogels had a visible pH‐dependent behavior. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed the morphology of the hydrogels before and after enzymatic degradation. The biodegradation rate of the hydrogels was directly related to the PGH content and the pH value. The in vitro release of bovine serum albumin from the hydrogels were investigated. The release profiles indicated that both the HPC‐g‐AA and PGH contents played important roles in the drug release behaviors. These results show that the smart hydrogels seem to be of great promise in pH–temperature oral drug delivery systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

埋置框架质量检测的探讨

提出了埋置框架的回传射线矩阵法，研究了方波脉冲轴向作用、水平作用和斜向作用下有缺陷埋置框架和无缺陷埋置框架的速度波．结果表明；横向速度波不能识别埋置框架的基桩缺陷，轴向速度波可以识别，而且基桩缺陷信号很强烈；脉冲水平作用不能识别基桩缺陷，轴向或斜向作用可以识别．     

Extremal functions for singular Trudinger–Moser inequalities in the entire Euclidean space

In a previous work (Adimurthi and Yang, 2010 [2]), Adimurthi–Yang proved a singular Trudinger–Moser inequality in the entire Euclidean space ${\mathbb{R}}^N$$(N\ge 2)$. Precisely, if $0\le \beta <1$ and $0<\gamma \le 1?\beta$, then there holds for any $\tau >0$,

$\underset{u\in W^{1,N}({\mathbb{R}}^N),{\int }_{{\mathbb{R}}^N}(|\mathrm{?}u{|}^N+\tau |u{|}^N)dx\le 1}{\sup }?\underset{{\mathbb{R}}^N}{\int }\frac{1}{|x{|}^{N\beta }}(e^{{\alpha }_N\gamma |u{|}^{\frac{N}{N?1}}}?\sum _{k=0}^{N?2}\frac{{{\alpha }_N}^k{\gamma }^k|u{|}^{\frac{kN}{N?1}}}{k!})dx<\infty ,$

where ${\alpha }_N=N{\omega }_{N?1}^{1/(N?1)}$ and ${\omega }_{N?1}$ is the area of the unit sphere in ${\mathbb{R}}^N$. The above inequality is sharp in the sense that if $\gamma >1?\beta$, all integrals are still finite but the supremum is infinity. In this paper, we concern extremal functions for these singular inequalities. The regular case $\beta =0$ has been considered by Li and Ruf (2008) [12] and Ishiwata (2011) [11]. We shall investigate the singular case $0<\beta <1$ and prove that for all $\tau >0$, $0<\beta <1$ and $0<\gamma \le 1?\beta$, extremal functions for the above inequalities exist. The proof is based on blow-up analysis.     

A remark on energy estimates concerning extremals for Trudinger–Moser inequalities on a disc

In this short note, we generalized an energy estimate due to Malchiodi–Martinazzi (J Eur Math Soc 16:893–908, 2014) and Mancini–Martinazzi (Calc Var 56:94, 2017). As an application, we used it to reprove existence of extremals for Trudinger–Moser inequalities of Adimurthi–Druet type on the unit disc. Such existence problems in general cases had been considered by Yang  (Trans Am Math Soc 359:5761–5776, 2007; J Differ Equ 258:3161–3193, 2015) and Lu–Yang (Discrete Contin Dyn Syst 25:963–979, 2009) by using another method.     

A sharp form of Moser-Trudinger inequality in high dimension

Let Ω be a bounded smooth domain in Rn(n?3). This paper deals with a sharp form of Moser-Trudinger inequality. Let