全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1618篇 |
免费 | 51篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 971篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 36篇 |
数学 | 326篇 |
物理学 | 342篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 22篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 39篇 |
2015年 | 44篇 |
2014年 | 45篇 |
2013年 | 98篇 |
2012年 | 78篇 |
2011年 | 82篇 |
2010年 | 77篇 |
2009年 | 51篇 |
2008年 | 100篇 |
2007年 | 104篇 |
2006年 | 86篇 |
2005年 | 86篇 |
2004年 | 84篇 |
2003年 | 71篇 |
2002年 | 56篇 |
2001年 | 44篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有1679条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Mathematical Notes - 相似文献
2.
Redox-flow batteries can, in principle, use a wide range of active materials. However, a number of simultaneous requirements must be met to make a chemistry attractive. One of the most challenging requirements is minimizing transport of active species through the membrane separating the positive and negative electrodes, and the ensuing inefficiency and capacity loss. Developing technologies to mitigate crossover, and strategies for recovering from its consequences, will enable development of successful systems with new active materials. The rate and impact of crossover depend on the nature of the active materials and their fate after they transport across the separator. Accordingly, electrolyte solutions can be classified by what happens to the active species at the opposing electrolyte. This behavior also dictates what recovery strategies may be employed, and at what frequency. This review describes desirable attributes for active materials and separators that help diminish crossover, and strategies that can be used to recover from its effects for each of the different classes of electrolytes. 相似文献
3.
Xu Yunze Liu Liang Xu Chenbing Wang Xiaona Tan Mike Yongjun Huang Yi 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2020,24(10):2511-2524
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The erosion-corrosion performance of X65 carbon steel at different flow conditions was electrochemically studied. Results show that the anodic polarization... 相似文献
4.
Pekárek Stanislav Mikeš Jan Červenka Milan Hanuš Ondřej 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2021,41(3):779-792
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - We investigated the air supply mode effects on ozone production of the surface dielectric barrier discharge in the cylindrical configuration. The air into... 相似文献
5.
Genta Kawaguchi Prof. Dr. Mitsuhiko Maesato Dr. Tokutaro Komatsu Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Kitagawa Prof. Dr. Tatsuro Imakubo Dr. Andhika Kiswandhi Dr. David Graf Prof. Dr. James S. Brooks 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(35):10169-10172
Simultaneous manipulation of both spin and charge is a crucial issue in magnetic conductors. We report on a strong correlation between magnetism and conductivity in the iodine‐bonded molecular conductor (DIETSe)2FeBr2Cl2 [DIETSe=diiodo(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene], which is the first molecular conductor showing a large hysteresis in both magnetic moment and magnetoresistance associated with a spin‐flop transition. Utilizing a mixed‐anion approach and iodine bonding interactions, we tailored a molecular conductor with random exchange interactions exhibiting unforeseen physical properties. 相似文献
6.
7.
Membrane receptors control fundamental cellular processes. Binding of a specific ligand to a receptor initiates communication through the membrane and activation of signaling cascades. This activation process often leads to a spatial rearrangement of receptors in the membrane at the molecular level. Single‐molecule techniques contributed significantly to the understanding of receptor organization and rearrangement in membranes. Here, we review four prominent single‐molecule techniques that have been applied to membrane receptors, namely, stepwise photobleaching, Förster resonance energy transfer, sub‐diffraction localization microscopy and co‐tracking. We discuss the requirements, benefits and limitations of each technique, discuss target labeling, present a selection of applications and results and compare the different methodologies. 相似文献
8.
Determination of nicotine and its metabolites accumulated in fish tissue using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry 下载免费PDF全文
Yun‐Wei Chang S. Rebekah Burket Bryan W. Brooks Kevin A. Schug 《Journal of separation science》2015,38(14):2414-2422
The determination of nicotine and its major metabolites (cotinine and anabasine) in fish tissue was performed using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Marine and freshwater fish were purchased from local grocery stores and were prepared based on a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample preparation protocol. To determine the highly polar compounds, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography was also used. There were modest suppressions on measured nicotine signals (10%) due to the matrix effects from marine fish but no obvious effects on freshwater fish signals. Method validation was incorporated with internal standards and carried out with matrix‐matched calibration. The detection limits for nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine were 9.4, 3.0, and 1.5 ng/g in fish, respectively. Precision was quite acceptable returning less than 8% RSD at low, medium, and high concentrations. Acceptable and reproducible extraction recoveries (70–120%) of all three compounds were achieved, except for anabasine at low concentration (61%). The method was then applied to define nicotine bioaccumulation in a fathead minnow model, which resulted in rapid uptake with steady state internal tissue levels, reached within 12 h. This developed method offers a fast, easy, and sensitive way to evaluate nicotine and its metabolite residues in fish tissues. 相似文献
9.
Stefan Sander Dr. Robert Müller Dr. Mike Ahrens Prof. Dr. Martin Kaupp Prof. Dr. Thomas Braun 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(57):14287-14298
The reaction of [PtCl2(COD)] (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) with diisopropyl-2-(3-methyl)indolylphosphine (iPr2P(C9H8N)) led to the formation of the platinum(ii ) chlorido complexes, cis-[PtCl2{iPr2P(C9H8N)}2] ( 1 ) and trans-[PtCl2{iPr2P(C9H8N)}2] ( 2 ). The cis-complex 1 reacted with NEt3 yielding the complex cis-[PtCl{κ2-(P,N)-iPr2P(C9H7N)}{iPr2P(C9H8N)}] ( 3 ) bearing a cyclometalated κ2-(P,N)-phosphine ligand, while the isomer 2 with a trans-configuration did not show any reactivity towards NEt3. Treatment of 1 or 3 with (CH3)4NF (TMAF) resulted in the formation of the twofold cyclometalated complex cis-[Pt{κ2-(P,N)-iPr2P(C9H7N)}2] ( 4 ). The molecular structures of the complexes 1–4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The fluorido complex cis-[PtF{κ2-(P,N)-iPr2P(C9H7N)}{iPr2P(C9H8N)}] ⋅ (HF)4 ( 5 ⋅ (HF)4) was formed when complex 4 was treated with different hydrogen fluoride sources. The Pt(ii ) fluorido complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 exhibits intramolecular hydrogen bonding in its outer coordination sphere between the fluorido ligand and the NH group of the 3-methylindolyl moiety. In contrast to its chlorido analogue 3 , complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 reacted with CO or the ynamide 1-(2-phenylethynyl)-2-pyrrolidinone to yield the complexes trans-[Pt(CO){κ2-(P,C)-iPr2P(C9H7NCO)}{iPr2P(C9H8N)}][F(HF)4] ( 7 ) and a complex, which we suggest to be cis-[Pt{C=C(Ph)OCN(C3H6)}{κ2-(P,N)-iPr2P(C9H7N)}{iPr2P(C9H8N)}][F(HF)4] ( 9 ), respectively. The structure of 9 was assigned on the basis of DFT calculations as well as NMR and IR data. Hydrogen bonding of HF and NH to fluoride was proven to be crucial for the existence of 7 and 9 . 相似文献
10.
The system constants of the solvation parameter model are used to prepare system maps for the retention of small neutral compounds on an ethyl-bridged, ocatadecylsiloxane-bonded superficially porous silica stationary phase (Kinetex EVO C18) for aqueous mobile phases containing 10–70% (v/v) methanol or acetonitrile. Electrostatic interactions (cation-exchange) are important for the retention of weak bases with acetonitrile–water but not methanol–water mobile phase compositions. Compared with a superficially porous octadecylsiloxane-bonded silica stationary phase (Kinetex C18) with a similar morphology but different topology statistically significant differences in selectivity at the 95% confidence level are observed for neutral compounds that vary by size and hydrogen-bond basicity with other intermolecular interactions roughly similar. These selectivity differences are dampened with acetonitrile–water mobile phases, but are significant for methanol–water mobile phase compositions containing <30% (v/v) methanol. A comparison of a totally porous ethyl-bridged, octadecylsiloxane-bonded silica stationary phase (XBridge C18) with Kinetex EVO C18 indicated that they are effectively selectivity equivalent. 相似文献