Comparison of Various Options for Designing the Direct Oxidation of Methane to Methanol

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - Various options for designing the direct oxidation of natural gas to methanol are considered: flow-through, with a distributed supply of the oxidizer along...     

Variational Principles and Mean Value Estimates

Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - In this paper, for a continuous function defined on a closed subset of a Banach space and differentiable on the interior of the domain, the infimum...     

Some properties of two-dimensional surjective <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-homogeneous maps

The properties of real p-homogeneous polynomial maps in R² are examined. The relation between surjectivity and the existence of a nontrivial zero is investigated. Additionally, the relation between surjectivity and stable surjectivity is studied. Examples are discussed.     

Experimental study and macrokinetic simulation of the partial gas-phase oxidation of propane

The effect of process parameters on the propane conversion and the composition of oxidation products, particularly the methanol to carbon monoxide ratio, has been studied. A numerical study of the laws governing the partial oxidation of propane has been conducted in terms of a model that approximately describes the macrokinetics of the partial gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons in a flow tubular reactor.     

Activation of the radical-promoted conversion of light hydrocarbons by the products of a rich methane flame

The feasibility of the production of ethylene and heavier olefins by introducing methane into the products of a rich methane flame is experimentally demonstrated. Such a process is promising for the direct production of ethylene, propylene, and heavier olefins directly from methane, the main component of natural gas.     

Kinetic features and technological perspectives of the partial oxidation of light alkanes

The characteristic features of the kinetics of the partial oxidation of light alkanes, the main component of natural gases, at moderate temperatures (300 < T < 1200°C) and the prospects for new technological processes on the basis of these reactions are discussed.     

Effects of the gas medium and heterogeneous factors on the gas-phase oxidative cracking of ethane

The effects of the gas medium and heterogeneous factors on the gas-phase oxidative cracking of dilute ethane mixtures at atmospheric pressure, temperatures of up to 750°C, and an initial reactant ratio of [C₂H₆]₀/[O₂]₀ = 2 have been investigated.     

Partial gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbon gases with an adjustable methanol-to-carbon monoxide ratio in the oxidation products

Experimental results on the partial oxidation of methane-ethane and C₁–C₄ alkane gas mixtures are reported. The effect of the parameters of the process on the methanol-to-carbon monoxide ratio in the reaction products is examined and the possibility to control this ratio, important for the subsequent carbonylation of the products, is demonstrated.     

Example of a linear abnormal optimal control problem

We give an example of a linear optimal control problem for which the Pontryagin maximum principle holds on the optimal control only for λ ⁰ = 0.     

Lagrange principle in quadratic optimal control problems with infinite horizon

We consider a quadratic optimal control problem on an infinite time interval with integral quadratic equality and inequality constraints. For this (generally, nonconvex) problem, we justify the Lagrange constraint removal principle and the duality relation. The obtained result is based on the general theory of extremal problems, namely, on necessary second-order extremum conditions.