流量与环量对低扬程泵装置流道水头损失的交叉影响

流道水头损失与流量及环量之间的关系,是低扬程泵装置水力设计理论中对提高其水力性能的研究具有较大影响的重要问题.低扬程泵装置水泵导叶出口水流所具有的速度环量使上述关系变得复杂起来,需全面认识.研究结果表明:在无环量的条件下,进、出水流道水头损失与流量平方成正比;在Reynolds数达到阻力平方区要求的条件下,在一定转速范围内,对于不同转速下运行时的相似工况,流道水头损失与流量平方成正比,表现为泵装置效率保持不变;低扬程泵装置中设计流量时的出水流道水头损失决定于导叶出口水流的速度环量,两者之间的关系为一开口向上的曲线,存在最优环量;在低扬程泵装置变工况运行的条件下,出水流道水头损失受流量和环量的交叉影响,在水泵正常运行工况范围内,流道水头损失与流量之间呈现出接近于线性的关系,其机理有待进一步深入研究.     

非等温非牛顿黏性流体流动问题的修正光滑粒子动力学方法模拟

为准确、有效地模拟非等温非牛顿黏性流体的流动问题,本文基于一种不含核导数计算的核梯度修正格式和不可压缩条件给出了一种改进光滑粒子动力学(SPH)离散格式,它较传统SPH离散格式具有较高精度和较好稳定性.同时,为准确地描述温度场的演化过程,建立了非牛顿黏性的SPH温度离散模型.通过对等温Poiseuille流、喷射流和非等温Couette流、4:1收缩流进行模拟,并与其他数值结果作对比,分别验证了改进SPH方法模拟非牛顿黏性流动问题的可靠性和提出的SPH温度离散模型求解非等温流动问题的有效性和准确性.随后,运用改进SPH方法结合SPH温度离散模型对环形腔和C形腔内非等温非牛顿黏性流体的充模过程进行了试探性模拟研究,分析了数值模拟的收敛性,讨论了不同位置处热流参数对温度和流动的影响.     

Cross influence of discharge and circulation on head loss of conduit of pump system with low head

The relationship between the head loss and the discharge and circulation of the conduit of a pump system with low head is an important problem with an obvious influence on the improvement of its hydraulic performance. The velocity circulation from the pump guide vane makes the relationship more complicated, which has to be understood comprehensively. The results indicate that, under the condition of zero circulation, the head loss of the inlet and outlet conduits is in proportion to the square of discharge. Under the condition that the Reynolds number is satisfied with the resistant square area, the conduit loss is in proportion to the square of discharge for the similar working points with different speeds in a certain rotational speed range, indicating that the pump system efficiency is constant. The outlet conduit loss of design discharge for a pump system with low head depends on the velocity circulation from the guide vane exit, and the relationship between the loss and the circulation is an open curve with an upward direction, meaning that there is an optimal circulation for the loss. Under the condition of various working points for a pump system with low head, the head loss of the outlet conduit is under the cross influence of both the discharge and the circulation. As a result, the relationship between the head loss and the discharge is almost linear, and the mechanism needs to be further studied.