浙江省汛期旱涝趋势对气候变暖的响应

近50多年来浙江省气候变化总趋势在逐渐变暖，80年代中期开始变暖明显，增幅加大．浙江省汛期各月降水量对气候变暖的响应不同：在季节转换月份5月和9月，降水量明显减小，而在夏季的降水量增加，8月尤甚．在气候变暖期，浙江省汛期旱涝事件的发生频数增加．大气环流时气候变暖的响应是：5月份，高层南亚高压偏弱偏南，中国东南部上空为平直的西风气流，引导冷空气多偏北东移，中层印缅槽的减弱导致向江南水汽输送减少，低层偏南气流远离华东，浙江省主要受单-西北干燥气流影响，降水显著偏少；8月份，青藏高压位置偏西，中国东南部上空西北气流有利引导冷空气南下，低层越赤道气流加强了赤道幅合带的扰动，有利台风的生成和发展，中层副高南侧偏东气流有利于引导台风北上登陆华东，导致影响浙江台风年频数增加，台风与冷空气相互作用有利强降水发生，形成台涝．在气候变暖期海水表层温度距平升高，ENSO事件的多发、增强的倾向影响了浙江省汛期旱涝趋势．     

On the correlation of nonlinear variables containing secular trend variations： numerical experiments

Due to global warming, the general circulation, underlying surfaces characteristics, and geophysical and meteorological elements all show evident secular trends. This paper points out that when calculating the correlation of two variables containing their own obvious secular trends, the interannual correlation characteristics between the two variables may be distorted (overestimated or underestimated). Numerical experiments in this paper show that if two variables have opposite secular trends, the correlation coefficient between the two variables is reduced (the positive correlation is underestimated, or the negative correlation is overestimated); and if the two variables have the same sign of secular trends, the correlation coefficient between the two variables is increased (the positive correlation is overestimated, or the negative correlation is underestimated). Numerical experiments also suggest that the effect of secular trends on the interannual correlation of the two variables is interchangeable, that is to say, as long as the values of the two trends are not changed, the two variables interchange their positions, and the effect of the secular trends on the interannual correlation coefficient of the two variables remains the same. If the two variables have the same-(opposite-) sign trends, the effect of secular trends on the interannual correlation coefficient is more (less) distinctive. A meteorological example is given.     

论带有趋势变化的变量的相关:数值试验

当计算相关的二个变量都包含有明显的趋势变化成分时,原变量之间的相关特征可能被歪曲(夸大或者缩小).对此问题进行了数值试验,结果表明,变量带有性质相反的趋势变化,会使这二个变量之间的相关系数减小(正相关的数值减小,负相关被夸大).变量带有性质相同的趋势变化,会使这二个变量之间的相关系数增加(正相关被夸大,负相关数值变小).数值试验还表明,趋势变化对相关的影响具有可交换性.只要不改变它们趋势变化的数值,它们叠加的变量互相交换,影响相关系数的后果是一样的;研究还指出,二个变量有相同的变化趋势时,对相关的影响会更大些.给出了实例.