Formation and Characterization of Concentration Inhomogeneities in Melt-Grown Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The specific features of the formation of concentration inhomogeneities in crystals grown by the Czochralski method (GaSb:Te, Ge:Ga) and by the Bridgman method...     

On Inequalities with Measures of Sobolev Type Embedding Theorems on Open Sets of the Real Axis

We consider some Sobolev-type spaces and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for their embedding in a Lebesgue space.     

The statement and numerical solution of an optimization problem in X-ray tomography

A nonclassical problem is considered for the transport equation with coefficients depending on the energy of radiation. The task is to find the discontinuity surfaces for the coefficients of the equation from measurements of the radiation flux leaving the medium. For this tomography problem, an optimization problem is stated and numerically analyzed. The latter consists in determining the radiation energy that ensures the best reconstruction of the unknown medium. A simplified optimization problem is solved analytically.     

Multilayer optics for XUV spectral region: technology fabrication and applications

We present research investigations in the field of multilayer optics in X-ray and extreme ultra-violet ranges (XUV), aimed at the development of optical elements for applications in experiments in physics and in scientific instrumentation. We discuss normal incidence multilayer optics in the spectral region of “water window”, multilayer optics for collimation and focusing of hard X-ray, multilayer dispersing elements for X-ray spectroscopy of high-temperature plasma, multilayer dispersing elements for analysis of low Z-elements. Our research pays special attention to optimization of multilayer optics for projection EUV-lithography (ψ-13nm) and short period multilayer optics.     

Electrodynamic properties of nanoporous silicon in the range from terahertz to infrared frequencies

The dielectric response (conductivity and permittivity) spectra of a series of nanoporous silicon samples prepared by anodization of low-resistivity single-crystal silicon are measured, for the first time, using terahertz and IR spectroscopy in the frequency range 7–4000 cm^?1 at room temperature. The spectra obtained are analyzed in terms of the effective medium theory with a size-dependent dielectric response function of nanoinclusions and averaged dielectric characteristics of the surrounding medium. The geometric and dielectric characteristics of silicon nanoinclusions are determined. The dielectric properties of inclusions are found to be affected by nanosize effects, namely, carrier scattering at crystallite boundaries and a broadening of the band gap due to quantum confinement. The spectra of the samples prepared by adding iodine to the electrolyte exhibit a resonance at frequencies of 150–300 cm^?1. The nature of the resonance can be associated with the presence of chemisorbed iodine on the surface of porous silicon. Possible mechanisms responsible for the changes in broadband conductivity and permittivity spectra of single-crystal silicon upon transformation into a nanoporous structure are discussed.     

Synthetic studies in the field of the curare alkaloids

By oxidation and the identification of the oxidation products, it has been shown that the -[4-(2-alkoxy-5-alkoxycarbonylmethylphenoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl] ethylamides of 4-benzyloxyphenylacetic acid obtained previously and differing in their physicochemical properties are based on the same skeleton and differ only in their spatial configuration, since on Bischler-Napieralski cyclization they give isomeric dihydroisoquinoline compounds. The structure of the latter was established by oxidation to the isomeric acids 2,2-dimethoxy-3,4,5-tricarboxy(diphenyl ether) and 2,2-dimethoxy-4,5,5-tricarboxy-(diphenyl ether); the latter is identical with the compound obtained by the degradation of the methyl ester of natural tubocurarine. 1-(4Benzyloxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-7-(2-methoxy-5-methoxycarbonyl methylphenoxy)-N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and a compound isomeric with it have also been synthesized, and the former has been shown to be identical with a substance obtained by independent synthesis from the 4-benzyl ether of N-methylcoclaurine. During the synthesis of the latter it was shown that cyclization takes place unambiguously without the formation of isomeric compounds.For part XIII, see [2].