A polychromatic inhomogeneity indicator in an unknown medium for an X-ray tomography problem

We pose and study an X-ray tomography problem, which is an inverse problem for the transport differential equation, making account for particle absorption by a medium and single scattering. The statement of the problem corresponds to a stage-by-stage probing of the unknown medium common in practice. Another step towards a more realistic problem is the use of integrals over energy of the density of emanating radiation flux as the known data, in contrast to specifying the flux density for every energy level, as it is customary in tomography. The required objects are the discontinuity surfaces of the coefficients of the equation, which corresponds to searching for the boundaries between various substances contained in the medium. We prove a uniqueness theorem for the solution under quite general assumptions and a condition ensuring the existence of the required surfaces. The proof is rather constructive in character and suitable for creating a numerical algorithm.     

The Kinetic Transport Equation in the Case of Compton Scattering

We improve the well-known form of the transport equation accounting for Compton scattering. We pose and study the direct problem of finding the radiation density distribution for given characteristics of a medium and known density of exterior sources. We prove existence and uniqueness theorems for a solution to the boundary value problem under consideration. The character of constraints corresponds mostly to the process of photon migration in a substance whose characteristics vary continuously with the space and energy variables. Unlike similar results, the assertions are proven without using the traditional inequalities for the coefficients of the transport equation.     

Finding discontinuities in the coefficients of the linear nonstationary transport equations

An X-ray tomography problem that is an inverse problem for the transport differential equation is set up and investigated. The absorption and single scattering of particles are taken into account. The transport equation is nonstationary (its coefficients and the unknown function depend on time), involves multiple energy levels, and its coefficients can undergo jump discontinuities with respect to the spatial variable (in other words, the medium in which the process proceeds is inhomogeneous). The sought object is the set on which the coefficients of the equation suffer a discontinuity, which corresponds to the search for the boundaries between the different substances composing the sensed medium.     

Numerical realization of an algorithm for reconstructing an inhomogeneous medium in an X-ray tomography problem

Under study is the X-ray tomography problem that is an inverse problem for the transport differential equation. We take into account the absorption of particles by the medium and their single scattering. The statement of the problem corresponds to multiple probing. The medium is unknown; while the densities of the outcoming flux averaged over energy are given. The object in question is the discontinuity surfaces of the coefficients of the equation. This corresponds to searching for the boundaries between various substances contained in the medium that we probe. The solution is constructive, and a numerical realization of the obtained algorithm is presented.     

Layerwise sensing in X-ray tomography in the polychromatic case

An X-ray tomography problem that is an inverse problem for the transport differential equation is studied. The absorption and single scattering of particles are taken into account. The suggested statement of the problem corresponds to stepwise and layerwise sensing of an unknown medium with initial data specified as the integrals of the outgoing flux density with respect to energy. The sought object is a set on which the coefficients of the equations suffer a discontinuity, which corresponds to searching for the boundaries between the different substances composing the sensed medium. A uniqueness theorem is proven under rather general assumptions and a condition guaranteeing the existence of the sought lines. The proof is constructive and can be used for developing a numerical algorithm.     

Constructing a model transport equation for a massless bose gas and its analytic solution

A model kinetic equation is constructed for the transport of a massless Bose gas. This equation is applied to solve the boundary value problem for the transport of radiation in the half-space occupied by a dispersive medium that is in local thermal equilibrium with the radiation. It is shown that the difference in temperature between the dispersive medium and the incident radiation substantially depends on the character of the scattering properties of the particles in the medium. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 462–472, June, 1997.     

Numerical solution of the inverse problem for the polarized-radiation transfer equation

An inverse problem for the steady vector transfer equation for polarized radiation in an isotropic medium is studied. For this problem, an attenuation factor is found from a given solution of the equation at a medium boundary. An approach is propounded to solve the inverse problem by using special external radiative sources. A formula is derived which relates the Radon transform of an attenuation factor to a radiation-flux density at the boundary. Numerical experiments show that the algorithm for the polarized-radiation transfer equation has an advantage over the method used in the scalar case.     

Homogenization of the layered medium equation

A new partial differential equation to be called the layered medium equation is introduced, and it is proved that certain relevant initial or periodic boundary conditions give well-posed problems. Then, the homogenized limit of the layered medium equation is studied. It is shown to be preserved in limit in the limit in the physical problem in which the coefficients that arise from the dielectric layer are both proportional to thickness. Otherwise, a non-local problem is obtained as the limiting form     

The Atkinson-Wilcox expansion theorem for electromagnetic chiral waves

Consider the problem of scattering of a time-harmonic electromagnetic wave by a three-dimensional bounded and smooth obstacle. The infinite space outside the obstacle is filled by a homogeneous isotropic chiral medium. In the region exterior to a sphere that includes the scatterer, any solution of the generalized Helmholtz's equation that satisfies the Silver-Müller radiation condition has a uniformly and absolutely convergent expansion in inverse powers of the radial distance from the center of the sphere. The coefficients of the expansion can be determined from the leading coefficient, “the radiation pattern”, by a recurrence relation.     

Primal-Dual Newton-Type Interior-Point Method for Topology Optimization

We consider the problem of minimization of energy dissipation in a conductive electromagnetic medium with a fixed geometry and a priori given lower and upper bounds for the conductivity. The nonlinear optimization problem is analyzed by using the primal-dual Newton interior-point method. The elliptic differential equation for the electric potential is considered as an equality constraint. Transforming iterations for the null space decomposition of the condensed primal-dual system are applied to find the search direction. The numerical experiments treat two-dimensional isotropic systems.     

IDENTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS IN SEMILINEAR PARABOLTC EQUATIONS

1IntroductionWeconsiderthefollowingsystem:notu--Z0',(a(x)ox.u)=f(x,t,u),(x,t)EQ,i=1,u(x,t)=0,(x,t)ES,(1)u(x,0)=u000,xEfi,wherefiisaboundeddomaininR"(n21),Q={(x,t):xEfi,tE(0,T)}with0相似文献   

Differential stability of solutions to parametric optimization problems

A method for the differential stability of solutions to a class of solutions to a class of parametric optimization problem is prposed. Any solution of the parametric optimization problem is given as a fixed point of the metric projection onto the set of admissible coefficients. A new result on the differential stability of the metric projection in Sobolev space H²(Ω)onto a set of admissible parameters is obtained. The stability results with respect to perturbations of observations for the solutions to a coefficient estimation problem for a second-order elliptic equation are derived.     

二维三温热传导方程的并行自适应多重网格算法求解

3-T heat conduct equation including electron, ion and photon (radiation) temperatures can be used to approximately describe the energy broadcast across multimedia for radial flow dynamics and discover the energy swapping among photon,electron and ion. Owing to the strong nonlinear diffusion coefficients and energy swapping coefficients and strong discontinuous coefficients across media interfaces,this equation is difficult to be solved with high numerical resolution. Based on the parallel adaptive multigrid software framework UG on 2-D unstructured grid, this paper successfully solved such equation with high resolution by combining the finite volume implicit discretization scheme and parallel adaptive multigrid algorithm, and gained much significant results.     

Solution of an inverse scattering problem for the acoustic wave equation in three-dimensional media

A three-dimensional inverse scattering problem for the acoustic wave equation is studied. The task is to determine the density and acoustic impedance of a medium. A necessary and sufficient condition for the unique solvability of this problem is established in the form of an energy conservation law. The interpretation of the solution to the inverse problem and the construction of medium images are discussed.     

Solving a free boundary problem with nonconstant coefficients

The present article is concerned with the numerical solution of a free boundary problem for an elliptic state equation with nonconstant coefficients. We maximize the Dirichlet energy functional over all domains of fixed volume. The domain under consideration is represented by a level set function, which is driven by the objective's shape gradient. The state is computed by the finite element method where the underlying triangulation is constructed by means of a marching cubes algorithm. We show that the combination of these tools lead to an efficient solver for general shape optimization problems.     

A new fictitious domain method in shape optimization

The present paper is concerned with investigating the capability of the smoothness preserving fictitious domain method from Mommer (IMA J. Numer. Anal. 26:503–524, 2006) to shape optimization problems. We consider the problem of maximizing the Dirichlet energy functional in the class of all simply connected domains with fixed volume, where the state equation involves an elliptic second order differential operator with non-constant coefficients. Numerical experiments in two dimensions validate that we arrive at a fast and robust algorithm for the solution of the considered class of problems. The proposed method can be applied to three dimensional shape optimization problems.     

Optimal control in coefficients for weak variational problems in Hilbert space

In this paper we give sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions of a problem of parametric optimization. We use continuity with respect to a functional parameter of weak solutions of a variational problem in a Hilbert space.We consider a problem of optimization with the control in coefficients of linear parabolic equation as an example. Using results of Spagnolo we characterize the closure of the reachable set. Finally, we construct an example of an optimization problem with the control in coefficients of a parabolic equation which does not have an optimal solution.     

IDENTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS IN SEMILINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS

An optimization theoretic approach of coefficients in semilinear parabolic equation is presented. It is based on convex analysis techniques. General theorems on existence are proved in L¹ setting. A necessary condition is given for the solutions of the parameter estimation problem.     

Solving Inverse Problems for Hyperbolic Equations via the Regularization Method

In the paper, we first deduce an optimization problem from an inverse problem for a general operator equation and prove that the optimization problem possesses a unique, stable solution that converges to the solution of the original inverse problem, if it exists, as a regularization factor goes to zero. Secondly, we apply the above results to an inverse problem determining the spatially varying coefficients of a second order hyperbolic equation and obtain a necessary condition, which can be used to get an approximate solution to the inverse problem.     

Polymer flow in cylindrical channels

The author examines the problem of flow of a polymer melt in a cylindrical channel of arbitrary cross section. It is assumed that the polymer is an isotropic viscoelastic medium. All the coefficients of the equation of state obtained for the flow in question are functions of the second invariant of the strain rate tensor only and can be determined experimentally in simple types of flow. A perturbation method is proposed for the solution of specific problems, the Dirichlet problem for Poisson's equation being solved in each perturbation step.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 421–428, 1966