The catalytic performance study of polymerized ionic liquid synthesized in different conditions on alkylation of o‐Xylene with styrene

In this work, a series of novel acidic polymerized ionic liquids were used as heterogeneous catalyst for alkylation of o‐Xylene with styrene. And the effect of the amount of initiator and the type of acid used for ion exchange on catalyst structure and the catalytic performance of catalysts for alkylation were studied thoroughly. The experiment results show: when the percentage of the amount of initiator in the total material is 3%, the polymerized ionic liquid catalyst MPM‐SO₃H‐[C₃V][SO₃CF₃] has the most uniform with a specific surface area of 97.30 m²/g and a pore volume of 0.35 cm³/g. Benefiting from the unique structure features, MPM‐SO₃H‐[C₃V][SO₃CF₃] manifested an excellent catalytic performance for alkylation of o‐Xylene with styrene, along with the conversion of styrene was 96.8% and the yield of 1‐Phenyl‐1‐ortho‐xylene ethane was 94.7%. Therefore, this work provides a novel reference to the synthesis of polymerized ionic liquids and clearly explains the advantage of novel acidic polymerized ionic liquids on alkylation.     

基于改进格林元的压裂水平井动态分析方法

以建立高效的动态分析方法为出发点，以边单元作为求解点，改进传统的格林元方法，减少未知数和求解矩阵维度；并提出基于改进格林元的加密网格加密方法，保证考虑复杂裂缝网络的压裂水平井动态模拟的早期精度.退化模型与半解析解、数值模拟结果进行对比，验证本文基于加密网格的改进格林元方法的准确性和动态分析的高效性.最后进行动态响应的敏感性分析，结果表明：①格林元方法是一种高精度的动态模拟方法，将求解节点设置在网格的边上可以提高压裂水平井动态模拟的速度；②改进格林元方法的加密基于叠加原理，不需要通过插值近似，其求解精度高.在相同加密网格条件下，基于本文改进格林元方法的加密效果比有限差分加密效果更佳；③复杂裂缝导流能力、改造区渗透率提高倍数、改造区大小等参数对压裂水平井动态特征影响较大，在动态分析和参数反演时，应着重考虑这些因素的影响.     

A Statistical Study of the Correlation between Geomagnetic Storms and M ≥ 7.0 Global Earthquakes during 1957–2020

In order to find out whether the geomagnetic storms and large-mega earthquakes are correlated or not, statistical studies based on Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA), significance analysis, and Z test have been applied to the Dst index data and M ≥ 7.0 global earthquakes during 1957–2020. The results indicate that before M ≥ 7.0 global earthquakes, there are clearly higher probabilities of geomagnetic storms than after them. Geomagnetic storms are more likely to be related with shallow earthquakes rather than deep ones. Further statistical investigations of the results based on cumulative storm hours show consistency with those based on storm days, suggesting that the high probability of geomagnetic storms prior to large-mega earthquakes is significant and robust. Some possible mechanisms such as a reverse piezoelectric effect and/or electroosmotic flow are discussed to explain the statistical correlation. The result might open new perspectives in the complex process of earthquakes and the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere (LAI) coupling.     

B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Aza-Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Indolizines with 2-Aryl-3H-indol-3-ones

A Friedel–Crafts reaction of indolizines with 2-aryl-3H-indol-3-ones catalyzed by B(C₆F₅)₃ is described. This protocol gives access to indolizine derivatives that are valuable building blocks in synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, affording various C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones based on indolizine with high yields and regioselectivities. Moreover, the synthetic transformations of the target products were realized by N-methylation and trifluoromethane sulfonation.     

Primer Extension Reaction Assays for Incorporation of Deoxynucleotide Analogue into DNA

Incorporation of deoxynucleotide analogues into DNA is important for the expansion of DNA functions. Primer extension reactions are commonly used for the assay of such reaction events. However, current assay protocols generally rely on radiolabeling, fluorescence reporter labeling, or removal of specific deoxynucleotide triphosphate in the reaction mixture. Herein we report on the design of two novel assay protocols that utilize a dideoxynucleotide‐terminated template strand and a phosphorothiolate‐modified deoxynucleotide‐terminated template strand. We designed and synthesized a deoxyuridine triphosphate analogue (dU*TP) containing 2‐bromoisobutyryl group and demonstrated that it could be well recognized by ?29DNA polymerase, E. coli DNA polymerase I Klenow Fragment, Bst DNA polymerase Large Fragment, and E. coli DNA polymerase I Klenow Fragment (exo⁽), which translated to effective incorporation of dU*TP into DNA. dU*TP was also successfully incorporated into extremely long single‐stranded DNA at high‐density using ?29 DNA polymerase by rolling circle amplification.     

An analysis on the efficiency of Euler's method for computing the matrix pth root

It is shown that the matrix sequence generated by Euler's method starting from the identity matrix converges to the principal pth root of a square matrix, if all the eigenvalues of the matrix are in a region including the one for Newton's method given by Guo in 2010. The convergence is cubic if the matrix is invertible. A modification version of Euler's method using the Schur decomposition is developed. Numerical experiments show that the modified algorithm has the overall good numerical behavior.     

质子水合结构的振动态密度分析

使用基于多态经验价键模型的分子动力学模拟, 对水溶液中质子的水合结构及其在质子传递过程中的动力学过程进行了研究. 在价键模型的方法下, 质子的水合结构主要以H₉O₄⁺(Eigen)以及过渡态的H₅O₂⁺(Zundel)结构形态存在, 且在这两种结构中以Eigen的形态表现明显. 通过对质子传递过程中不同水合结构的态密度频谱分析, 发现一个在2000~3000 cm^-1范围内的明显连续的宽吸收谱带, 主要归因于Eigen结构的贡献, 这些特征峰的出现与水合氢离子第一溶剂化层内的强氢键作用密切相关. 对于Zundel的结构, 在1760 cm^-1处出现一个较为明显的肩峰, 归属为质子传递模式的特征振动. 通过对质子水合结构态密度频谱的分析, 可望增强对于稀酸溶液红外光谱中的连续宽吸收带以及质子传递的微观动力学过程的理解.     

一种基于特征值反求的复合材料层合板波动特性的近似修改方法

采用一种特征值反求形式的方法用来近似层状复合板的波动特性修改。通过敏感度分析,确定层合板中能最显著地改变结构波动特性的结构参数为设计变量。采用二阶泰勒展式近似特征值和特征频率相对于设计变量的改变率。计算了不同结构变化时的色散特性,并与精确计算结果进行了比较。结果证明本方法对于层状复合板波动特性修改的近似是可行并且有效的。     

Facile synthesis of metal-polyphenol-formaldehyde coordination polymer colloidal nanoparticles with sub-50 nm for T_1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Plant polyphenol-based coordination polymers(CPs) with ultra-small particle size and tailorable compositions are highly desired in biomedical applicatio ns,but their synthesis is still challenging due to the sophisticated coordination assembly process and unavoidable self-oxidation polymerization of polyphenol. He rein,a general ligand covalent-modification mediated coordination assembly strategy is proposed for the synthesis of water-dispersible CPs with tunable metal species(e.g., Gd,Cu,Ni,Zn,Fe)and ultra-small diameter(8.6-37.8 nm) using nontoxic plant polyphenol(e.g..tannic acid,gallic acid) as a polymerizable ligand.Polyphenol molecules react with formaldehyde firstly,which can effectively retard the oxidation induced self-polymerization of polyphenol and lead to the formation of metal ions containing CPs colloidal nanoparticles.These ultrafine nanoparticles with stably chelated metal io ns are highly water dispersible and thus advantageous for bioimaging.As an example,ultra-small Gd contained CPs exhibit higher longitudinal relaxivity(r_1=25.5 L mmol ~1 s ~1) value with low r_2/r_1(1.19) than clinically used Magnevist(Gd-DTPA,r_1=3.7 L mmol ~1 s ~1).Due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect,they can be further used as a positive contrast agent for T_1-weighted MR imaging of tumour.     

Instability analysis for semi-active control systems with semi-active inerters

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, the instability of semi-active control systems caused by the utilization of semi-active inerters is analyzed. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the...