Polymer 4D printing: Advanced shape-change and beyond

4D printing is an exciting branch of additive manufacturing. It relies on established 3D printing techniques to fabricate objects in much the same way. However, structures which fall into the 4D printed category have the ability to change with time, hence the “extra dimension.” The common perception of 4D printed objects is that of macroscopic single-material structures limited to point-to-point shape change only, in response to either heat or water. However, in the area of polymer 4D printing, recent advancements challenge this understanding. A host of new polymeric materials have been designed which display a variety of wonderful effects brought about by unconventional stimuli, and advanced additive manufacturing techniques have been developed to accommodate them. As a result, the horizons of polymer 4D printing have been broadened beyond what was initially thought possible. In this review, we showcase the many studies which evolve the very definition of polymer 4D printing, and reveal emerging areas of research integral to its advancement.     

Revealing the Effect of Surface Composition on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Supported Pt-Fe Alloy Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation Performance

The designs of efficient and inexpensive Pt-based catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) are essential to boost the commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells. Here, the highly catalytic performance PtFe alloys supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorating nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) have been successfully prepared via co-engineering of the surface composition and electronic structure. The Pt₁Fe₃@NC/MWCNTs catalyst with moderate Fe³⁺ feeding content (0.86 mA/mg_Pt) exhibits 2.26-fold enhancement in MOR mass activity compared to pristine Pt/C catalyst (0.38 mA/mg_Pt). Furthermore, the CO oxidation initial potential of Pt₁Fe₃@NC/MWCNTs catalyst is lower relative to Pt/C catalyst (0.71 V and 0.80 V). Benefited from the optimal surface compositions, the anti-corrosion ability of MWCNT, strong electron interaction between PtFe alloys and MWCNTs and the N-doped carbon (NC) layer, the Pt₁Fe₃@NC/MWCNTs catalyst presents an improved MOR performance and anti-CO poisoning ability. This study would open up new perspective for designing efficient electrocatalysts for the DMFCs field.     

Special John-Nirenberg-Campanato spaces via congruent cubes

Let p ∈ [1, ∞), q ∈ [1, ∞), α∈ R, and s be a non-negative integer. Inspired by the space JNp introduced by John and Nirenberg(1961) and the space B introduced by Bourgain et al.(2015), we introduce a special John-Nirenberg-Campanato space JN^con_(p,q,s) over Rⁿ or a given cube of R;with finite side length via congruent subcubes, which are of some amalgam features. The limit space of such spaces as p →∞ is just the Campanato space which coincides with the space BMO(the space of functions with bounded mean oscillations)when α = 0. Moreover, a vanishing subspace of this new space is introduced, and its equivalent characterization is established as well, which is a counterpart of the known characterization for the classical space VMO(the space of functions with vanishing mean oscillations) over Rⁿ or a given cube of Rⁿ with finite side length.Furthermore, some VMO-H¹-BMO-type results for this new space are also obtained, which are based on the aforementioned vanishing subspaces and the Hardy-type space defined via congruent cubes in this article. The geometrical properties of both the Euclidean space via its dyadic system and congruent cubes play a key role in the proofs of all these results.     

从双层规划的角度看道德风险理论的一阶条件方法

本文首先对双层规划的一个特殊例子即道德风险模型中使用的一阶条件方法（FOA）做简要的梳理，然后提出一种更为一般的使FOA有效的原则与方法。新方法主要依赖于代理人对委托人设置的目标的最优反应映射是否存在不动点，这个性质不要求原问题与用一阶条件放松以后的问题之间的约束集等价，从而也不要求代理人的期望效用对行动具有全局凹性。在新方法下，可以用较为简单的方法证明FOA在以下两种情形之一有效，即如果分布函数是概率分布的凸组合或者分布函数来自某些特殊的指数族分布。     

Developing Flexible Quinacridone-Derivatives-Based Photothermal Evaporaters for Solar Steam and Thermoelectric Power Generation

Solar-driven interfacial vaporization by localizing solar-thermal energy conversion to the air−water interface has attracted tremendous attention. In the process of converting solar energy into heat energy, photothermal materials play an essential role. Herein, a flexible solar-thermal material di-cyan substituted 5,12-dibutylquinacridone (DCN−4CQA)@Paper was developed by coating photothermal quinacridone derivatives on the cellulose paper. The DCN−4CQA@Paper combines desired chemical and physical properties, broadband light-absorbing, and shape-conforming abilities that render efficient photothermic vaporization. Notably, synergetic coupling of solar-steam and solar-electricity technologies by integrating DCN−4CQA@Paper and the thermoelectric devices is realized without trade-offs, highlighting the practical consideration toward more impactful solar heat exploitation. Such solar distillation and low-grade heat-to-electricity generation functions can provide potential opportunities for fresh water and electricity supply in off-grid or remote areas.     

EcoLens: visual analysis of ecological regions in urban contexts using traffic data

Journal of Visualization - The increasing availability of spatiotemporal data provides unprecedented opportunities for understanding the structure of an urban area in terms of people’s...     

Theoretical studies on the influence of metallic cations on ring opening of propylene oxide catalyzed by metal-salen complexes

We studied the ring opening of propylene oxide (PO) by salen-M coordinated OH⁻ group [M = Al(III), Sc(III), Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III), Co(II), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Ru(III) and Rh(III)]. The results show that the ring-opening energy barriers for M(II) complexes are much lower than those with M(III) complexes in the gas phase, and the barriers correlate linearly with the negative charges on the OH⁻ group and the Fukui function condensed on the OH⁻ group. The nucleophilicity ordering in the gas phase can be rationalized by the ratio of formal positive charges/radius of M cations. Solvent effect greatly increases the barriers of M(II) complexes but slightly changes the results of M(III) ones, making the barriers similar. Analysis indicates that the reaction heats are linearly proportional to the reverse reaction barriers. The relationships established here can be used to estimate the ring-opening barriers and to screen epoxide ring-opening catalysts.     

氨基功能化磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯去除电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

使用改良的hummers法制备出的氧化石墨烯为载体,采用共沉淀法制备出磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯(MGO),再使用三乙烯四胺(TETA)对磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯进行氨基功能化,制备出氨基功能化磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯吸附剂.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对TETA-MGO的物相、化学组成和微观形貌进行表征,以TETA-MGO作为吸附剂去除电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ),探讨吸附性能和吸附机理,分析TETA-MGO在外加磁场下的液固分离和再生吸附性能.结果表明纳米级立方尖晶石相磁性CoFe2O4均匀生长于氧化石墨烯的表面和片层之间,TETA通过C-N键与磁性氧化石墨烯(MGO)相连,氨基功能化成功,活性吸附位点增点.室温下,pH =2时吸附效果最佳,吸附120 min时达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量约为48.66 mg·g-1,TETA-MGO对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学和吸附热力学可分别使用拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型描述,吸附过程主要属于化学吸附控制的单分子层吸附,使用外加磁场可以对TETA-MGO实现简单的固液分离,TETA-MGO经过6次再生吸附后,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量仅下降19.67;,说明具有良好的循环再生吸附能力.     

Bi-2223/Ag异质结的光生电压效应研究

在50 ～ 340 K不同温度下,利用紫色激光(λ=405 nm)对银/铋锶钙铜氧2223异质结界面进行辐照,观测到明显的光生电压效应,发现光生电压的极性分别在超导转变温度TC与320 K附近发生了反转,排除了激光产生的热电势是产生光生电压的原因,分析表明银/铋锶钙铜氧2223异质结界面处存在内建电场:光生电压由异质结界面处的内建电场分离光生电子-空穴对产生的.超导转变温度TC之下以及320 K以上,内建电场方向从超导体指向金属电极;超导转变温度TC与反向温度320 K之间,内建电场从金属指向超导体.     

Numerical Modeling of Momentum Dispersion in Porous Media Based on the Pore Scale Prevalence Hypothesis

Transport in Porous Media - A macroscopic model that accounts for the effect of momentum dispersion on flows in porous media is proposed. The model is based on the pore scale prevalence hypothesis...