毛细管电泳法分离测定小麦根中的有机酸

研究了毛细管电泳法分离测定草酸、乌头酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸等有机酸的条件。在pH7．8的磷酸钠缓冲溶液中中加入表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵作为电泳溶液体系,紫外检测波长214nm,可以有效地分离检测以阴离子形式存在的上述有机酸：将该法应用于铝胁迫下培育的小麦根样品中有机酸的分析,结果表明：随着培养基中铝浓度的增加,苹果酸被诱导增加,与报道的HPLC法的测定结果一致,本法可在植物化学研究中使用。     

Postural Sway during Local Vibratory Stimulation for Proprioception in Elderly Individuals with Pre-Sarcopenia

Objective: Many studies have demonstrated that the loss of muscle mass (LMM) poses a risk of postural instability in the elderly; however, few studies have shown how LMM decreases proprioception. In this study, we investigated the changes in postural sway among older individuals with LMM induced by application of a local vibratory stimulus. Method: We enrolled 64 older adults (mean age). Postural sway was measured while applying vibration stimuli of 30, 60, and 240 Hz to both the gastrocnemius and lumbar multifidus muscles. We also measured the relative proprioceptive weighting ratio (RPW) of postural sway. The patients were divided into LMM and non-LMM (NLMM) groups. The study subjects were compared in terms of their age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lower leg skeletal muscle mass index (LSMI), L4/5 lumbar multifidus cross-sectional area ratio, and RPW at 30, 60, and 240 Hz. Results: Subjects in the LMM group showed a significantly lower RPW at 60 Hz, LSMI, and BMI than did those in the NLMM group. Conclusions: Decrease in RPW with 60-Hz stimulation concerning the lower leg proprioception is a risk factor for LMM-associated postural instability in the elderly. Consequently, with respect to the gastrocnemius muscles proprioception in LMM, it is necessary to perform assessments using muscle spindle stimuli.     

EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER IN THE LIGHT HARVESTING ANTENNA SYSTEM OF THE RED ALGA Porphyridium cruentum AND THE BLUE-GREEN ALGA Anacystis nidulans: ANALYSIS OF TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA

Abstract— Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of intact cells of red and blue-green algae Porphyridium cruentum and Anacystis nidulans were measured by means of a ps laser and a time-correlated photon counting system. Fluorescence spectra were observed successively from various pigments in the light harvesting system in the order of phycoerythrin (PE), phycocyanin (PC), allophycocyanin (APC) and chlorophyll a (Chl a ). The spectrum changes with time in the range of0–400 ps in P. cruentum and of0–1000 ps in A. nidulans . The time-resolved spectra were analyzed into components to obtain the rise and decay curve of each fluorescence component. Overall time behaviors of the sequential fluorescence emissions from various pigments can be interpreted with a decay kinetics ofexp(–2 kt ^½). The rate constants of the energy transfer show that the energy transfer takes place much faster in the red alga P. cruentum than in the blue-green alga A. nidulans , particularly in the step PCAPC. Results also indicated that a special form of APC, far-emitting APC, exists in the pigment system of A. nidulans , but it does not mediate a main energy transfer from phycobilisome to Chl a.     

OUTPUT VERSUS INPUT CONTROLS UNDER UNCERTAINTY: THE CASE OF A FISHERY

Abstract The paper compares the management outcomes with a total allowable catch (TAC) and a total allowable effort (TAE) in a fishery under uncertainty. Using a dynamic programming model with multiple uncertainties and estimated growth, harvest, and effort functions from one of the world's largest fisheries, the relative economic and biological benefits of a TAC and TAE are compared and contrasted in a stochastic environment. This approach provides a decision and modeling framework to compare instruments and achieve desired management goals. A key finding is that neither instrument is always preferred in a world of uncertainty and that regulator's risk aversion and weighting in terms of expected net profits and biomass, and the trade‐offs in terms of expected values and variance determine instrument choice.     

Cold and stable antimatter for fundamental physics

The field of cold antimatter physics has rapidly developed in the last 20 years, overlapping with the period of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN. The central subjects are CPT symmetry tests and Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) tests. Various groundbreaking techniques have been developed and are still in progress such as to cool antiprotons and positrons down to extremely low temperature, to manipulate antihydrogen atoms, to construct extremely high-precision Penning traps, etc. The precisions of the antiproton and proton magnetic moments have improved by six orders of magnitude, and also laser spectroscopy of antihydrogen has been realized and reached a relative precision of 2 × 10⁻¹² during the AD time. Antiprotonic helium laser spectroscopy, which started during the Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) time, has reached a relative precision of 8 × 10⁻¹⁰. Three collaborations joined the WEP tests inventing various unique approaches. An additional new post-decelerator, Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA), has been constructed and will be ready in 2021, which will provide 10–100 times more cold antiprotons to each experiment. A new era of the cold antimatter physics will emerge soon including the transport of antiprotons to other facilities.     

Strong binding and shrinkage of single and double nuclear systems (K?pp,K?ppn,K?K?p and K?K?pp) predicted by Faddeev-Yakubovsky calculations

Non-relativistic Faddeev and Faddeev-Yakubovsky calculations were made for K⁻pp, K⁻ppn, K⁻K⁻p and K⁻K⁻pp kaonic nuclear clusters, where the quasi bound states were treated as bound states by employing real separable potential models for the K⁻-K⁻ and the K⁻-nucleon interactions as well as for the nucleon-nucleon interaction. The binding energies and spatial shrinkages of these states, obtained for various values of the interaction, were found to increase rapidly with the interaction strength. Their behaviors are shown in a reference diagram, where possible changes by varying the interaction in the dense nuclear medium are given. Using the Λ(1405) ansatz with a PDG mass of 1405 MeV/c² for K⁻p, the following ground-state binding energies together with the wave functions were obtained: 51.5 MeV (K⁻pp), 69 MeV (K⁻ppn), 30.4 MeV (K⁻K⁻p) and 93 MeV (K⁻K⁻pp), which are in good agreement with previous results of variational calculation based on the Akaishi-Yamazaki coupled-channel potential. The K⁻K⁻pp state has a significantly increased density where the two nucleons are located very close to each other, in spite of the inner NN repulsion. Relativistic corrections on the calculated non-relativistic results indicate substantial lowering of the bound-state masses, especially of K⁻K⁻pp, toward the kaon condensation regime. The fact that the recently observed binding energy of K⁻pp is much larger (by a factor of 2) than the originally predicted one may infer an enhancement of the interaction in dense nuclei by about 25% possibly due to chiral symmetry restoration. In this respect some qualitative accounts are given based on “clearing QCD vacuum” model of Brown, Kubodera and Rho.     

Finite Element Analysis of Unsteady Natural Convection

In this study, a new finite element method (the MSR-method) is proposed for unsteady three-dimensional thermal-fluid analyses. This method is a combination of a modified Galerkin method (MGM) and the SIMPLER formulation. In the MSR-method the velocity and pressure are computed using the SIMPLER procedure and the approximate velocity and the energy equation are solved using the MGM. In the MGM, the inertia term and the pressure term are considered explicitly, so only the symmetrical matrixes appear. Then an artificial viscosity is introduced through an error analysis approach to improve its accuracy and stability. In this paper, the natural convection problems in a three-dimensional cavity are simulated up to the Rayleigh number of 10⁸, and converged solutions are obtained. Authors confirmed that our proposed method gives reasonable results for these problems comparing with other research works.