不同光场二阶相干度的实验研究

基于Hanbury Brown-Twiss(HBT)实验,我们借助于两个单光子计数模块,一个50/50分束器和一个快速计数卡(FastCom-P7888)研究了不同光场的二阶相干度。我们首先制备了脉冲相干光,连续相干光以及单原子发出的单光子源,并测量这几种不同光场的二阶相干度g(2)(τ)。我们通过测量俘获在磁光阱(MOT)和远失谐偶极阱(FORT)中的单原子在近共振连续激光激发下所辐射的荧光的二阶相干度,分别得到了g(2)(τ=0)=0.08和g(2)(τ=0)=0.09,借助于实验中产生的脉冲光与单原子,接下来我们将进行触发式单光子源的实验研究。     

铯原子nP_(3/2)(n=70—94)里德伯态的紫外单光子激发及量子亏损测量

基于成熟的光纤激光器、光纤放大器及高效激光频率转换技术,我们在实验中研制了一套瓦级输出的窄线宽连续波单频可调谐318.6 nm紫外激光系统,并在室温铯原子气室中实现了6S_(1/2)—nP_(3/2)(n=70—94)单光子跃迁里德伯激发.借助由铯原子6S_(1/2)(F=4)基态、6P_(3/2)(F′=5)激发态和nP_(3/2)(n=70—94)里德伯态构成的V型三能级系统,通过频率锁定于铯原子6S_(1/2)(F=4)—6P_(3/2)(F′=5)超精细跃迁的852.3 nm探测光束的吸收减弱信号获得了里德伯态的信息,并利用高精度波长计测量了铯原子nP_(3/2)(n=70—94)里德伯态的量子亏损值.经过与理论计算值的变化趋势进行对比,我们认为由于原子气室的里德伯屏蔽效应并不能完全屏蔽外部直流电场,铯原子气室内存在残余的直流电场,影响了对里德伯态的量子亏损值的实验测量.利用残余直流电场的Stark效应理论模型及其与有效主量子数n*的依赖关系,对铯原子里德伯态的量子亏损实验测量值进行了修正.修正后的铯原子nP_(3/2)(n=70—94)态量子亏损测量值为3.5591±0.0007,与理论计算值相吻合.     

冷原子重力仪单激光器系统倍频方法

针对原子干涉重力仪野外测量需求,提出一种基于单激光器系统倍频方法的高稳定、小型化激光系统方案。首先,分析了冷原子重力仪激光倍频原理;然后,以单台1560.4 nm光纤外腔激光器作为光源,基于激光倍频技术,设计了用于87Rb原子干涉重力仪的高稳定、小型化激光系统方案;最后,测试了用于重力测量的两路激光输出光束的功率稳定性。实验结果表明当780.2 nm激光输出功率为1.1 W和1.9 W时,对应功率均方根起伏分别为0.13%@4 h和0.15%@4 h,两路均可输出功率稳定、模式优良的780.2 nm激光,该系统可实现T=70 ms干涉测量,对应噪声灵敏度为610μGal/Hz。使用倍频方法的单激光器系统,实现了传统双激光器系统功能,具有高稳定、小型化特点,为原子干涉重力仪野外测量提供了技术基础。     

Velocity-selective spectroscopy measurements of Rydberg fine structure states in a hot vapor cell

A velocity-selective spectroscopy technique for studying the spectra of Rydberg gases is presented. This method provides high-resolution spectrum measurements. We present experimental results for a ladder system 6S_(1/2)→ 6P_(3/2)→ nS(D)electromagnetically-induced transparency involving highly-excited Rydberg states. Based on a radio-frequency modulation technique, we measure the hyperfine structure splitting of intermediate states and the fine structure splitting of Rydberg states in a room temperature ~(133)Cs vapor cell. The experimental data and theoretical predictions show excellent agreement.     

利用蓝失谐激光诱导微型光学偶极阱中冷原子间的光助碰撞提高单原子制备概率

借助于微米尺度的远失谐光学偶极阱(FORT)中蓝失谐光的光助碰撞效应与反馈控制系统,文章在实验上实现了FORT中单个原子的高效制备.结合原子的势能曲线,分析了原子在红失谐光和蓝失谐光作用下的光助碰撞效应,并且在实验上得到红失谐光诱导下单原子的制备概率约50%,蓝失谐光诱导下单原子的制备概率约80%.通过反馈控制系统,当原子数目小于1时,反馈控制使磁场梯度减小以快速俘获原子,当原子数目大于1时,反馈控制开启蓝失谐光场,使得原子一个个逃逸出阱中,最终实现了FORT中单原子的制备概率约95%,为下一步偶极阱的二维扩展奠定了基础.通过HBT实验测量FORT中单原子发出光子的统计特性,得到二阶相干度g(2)(τ=0)=0.08.     

Deterministic loading of an individual atom:Towards scalable implementation of multi-qubit

We report the realization of a deterministic single-atom preparation by the method of all-optical feedback. Using a fast-real-time feedback, the light-induced atom desorption effect and blue detuned light-induced atom collision process can increase a success probability of single-atom preparation up to more than 99%. We investigate the dynamics of loading single atom trapped in a trap with a size of hundreds of micrometers into a pair of microscopic tweezers. The detailed experimental results show that the feedback loading is spatially insensitive, which implies that it is possible to use the feedback protocol to simultaneously implement the loading of large number of qubits arrays.     

Efficient loading of a single neutral atom into an optical microscopic tweezer

A single atom in a magneto–optical trap(MOT) with trap size(hundreds of micrometers) can be transferred into an optical microscopic tweezer with a probability of ～100%. The ability to transfer a single atom into two traps back and forth allows us to study the loading process. The loading probability is found to be insensitive to the geometric overlap of the MOT and the tweezer. It is therefore possible to perform simultaneously loading of a single atom into all sites of the tweezer array for many qubits. In particular, we present a simulation of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays of an optical microscopic tweezer. We find the same qualitative behavior for all of the trap parameters.