非线性塑性材料内部空洞闭合模型的研究

基于典型体元(RVE)模型和Rayleigh-Ritz法,对材料内部空洞从球形闭合成裂纹的过程进行了定量研究.基体材料的本构关系采用幂次粘性方程.通过研究材料变形过程中内部球形空洞和圆形裂纹的演化规律,得到了各自的体积应变率的表达式.采用插值近似,建立了空洞闭合的解析模型,发现空洞变形的主要机理来自于空洞周围基体材料的塑性流动.空洞闭合模型反映了材料属性、远场应力三轴度、远场等效应变对空洞闭合的定量规律.空洞闭合模型的预测结果与文献中的数值结果和有限元计算结果相吻合.空洞闭合模型与CAE(computer-aided engineering)技术相结合可对材料加工工艺进行优化设计,为消除材料内部空洞提供了一条有应用前景的新途径.     

Theoretical study of void closure in nonlinear plastic materials

Void closing from a spherical shape to a crack is investigated quantitatively in the present study. The constitutive relation of the Void-free matrix is assumed to obey the Norton power law. A representative volume element （RVE） which includes matrix and void is employed and a Rayleigh-Ritz procedure is developed to study the deformation-rates of a spherical void and a penny-shaped crack. Based on an approximate interpolation scheme, an analytical model for void closure in nonlinear plastic materials is established. It is found that the local plastic flows of the matrix material are the main mechanism of void deformation. It is also shown that the relative void volume during the deformation depends on the Norton exponent, on the far-field stress triaxiality, as well as on the far-field effective strain. The predictions of void closure using the present model are compared with the corresponding results in the literature, showing good agreement. The model for void closure provides a novel way for process design and optimization in terms of elimination of voids in billets because the model for void closure can easily be applied in the CAE analysis.