Study on the Superhydrophilicity of the SiO2-TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method at Room Temperature

Nanoscale SiO₂-TiO₂ composite thin films with the thickness of about 100 nm were prepared by sol-gel method at room temperature in air. The chemical states of the elements on the surface and near the surface were measured by XPS. The results showed that the Ti on/near the surface of the thin films existed not only as TiO₂ but also as Ti₂O₃. Part of the TiO₂ was changed to Ti₂O₃ after UV irradiation. The crystalline structure of the TiO₂ in the SiO₂-TiO₂ thin films was anatase with the crystallite size of 14–20 nm. It was found that the thin film prepared at room temperature in air has good superhydrophilic property and has strong adherence to the substrate.     

Self-assembly of meso-tetrakis(4-N-ethylpyridiniurmyl) porphyrin and tetracarboxyl-phenyl calix[4]arene

Novel dimeric capsules are generated from the noncovalent assembly of 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(4-N-ethylpyridiniurmyl)prophyrin (TEPyP) and tetracarboxyl-phenyl calix[4]arene. The self-assembly system was investigated based on UV-Vis absorption and fluorescent spectra. The factors affecting the interaction process including pH and concentration were examined in detail. The association constants between TEPyP and calix[4]arene were determined by the nonlinear least squares fit. The results showed that the basic medium is favourable to the interaction and electrostatic interaction was determinate in the processes of self-assembly process. The related mechanism was discussed.     

Comparative study on the inclusion behaviour of cyclodextrin derivatives with venoruton and rutin by thin layer chromatography

The interaction of rutin and venoruton (troxerutin), with alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin (CD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (M-beta-CD) was investigated by reversed-phase thin layer chromatography on polyamide plates. A mobile phase consisted of NH(4)OH; NH(4)Cl buffer solution containing various CD concentrations (pH = 9.7, 20 degrees C) was used as mobile phase. The equilibrium constants (K(f)) and the retention factor (R(f)) were determined and used to study the inclusion process. The in fluence of CDs on the solubility of rutin and venoruton was characterized by R(M) values and the increasing hydrophilicity of drugs. The results show that the inclusion capacity of cyclodextrins follows the order HP-beta-CD > M-beta-CD > beta-CD > gamma-CD, and rutin is more easily included by the studied cyclodextrins than venoruton. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters (Delta H, Delta S) for the formation of complexes were obtained from the van't Hoff equation, displaying the enthalpy-entropy compensation effect.     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定水中46种半挥发性有机物

半挥发性有机物主要包括多环芳烃类(PAHs)、邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)、有机氯农药类(OCPs)和硝基苯类(NBs)等化合物,这些物质多具有致癌、致畸、致突变作用,以及内分泌干扰效应。因此,快速准确测定水中半挥发性有机物非常重要,目前国内尚无水中半挥发性有机物的检测标准。该研究从氮吹温度、水样pH值和萃取时间3个方面进行了优化,旨在建立一种液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱(LLE-GC-MS)同时测定水中46种半挥发性有机物的方法。结果表明:氮吹温度对46种半挥发性有机物的回收率影响不大,考虑回收率及浓缩效率,将氮吹温度设定为35 ℃;水样在中性环境下萃取效果好于碱性环境下的效果;萃取时间由7 min增加至10 min时,回收率也随之提高,但时间增加至15 min时,17种(占比37%)化合物回收率有所增加,29种(占比63%)化合物回收率则呈降低趋势。因此,将萃取时间设定为每次10 min。采用气相色谱-质谱仪进行检测,内标法定量。该方法在20.0~2000 μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数(r ²)≥0.9916, 46种SVOCs检出限为0.28~16.55 ng/L,定量限为0.92~55.16 ng/L;在0.02、0.2、0.4 μg/L 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为63.6%~125%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.03%~17.0%。采用该方法检测了黄河流域济南段的27个地表水样品,检出的物质以PAEs和PAHs为主,2种OCPs在部分点位有检出,NBs均未检出。该方法操作简单,通用性强,准确度及精密度良好,检出限低,适用于地表水及地下水中46种半挥发性有机物的同时检测。     

Tuning the mechanical properties and degradation properties of polydioxanone isothermal annealing

Polydioxanone (PPDO) is synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of p-dioxanone, using stannous octoate as the catalyst. The polarized optical micrograph (POM) shows thes pherulite growth rate of PPDO decreases with an increase in the isothermal crystallization temperature. PPDO is compression-molded into bars, and PPDO bars are subjected to isothermal annealing at a range of temperatures (Ta = 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C), and correspond to three different annealing times (ta = 1h, 2h, 3h). The effect on PPDO is investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With an increase in Ta and ta, the grain size and the degree of crystallinity also increase. Meanwhile, the tensile strength is significantly improved. The PPDO bars (90 °C, 2 h) reach the maximum crystallinity (57.21%) and the maximum tensile strength (41.1 MPa). Interestingly, the heat treatment process does not result in serious thermal degradation. It is observed that the hydrolytic degradation of the annealed PPDO is delayed to some extent. Thus, annealed PPDO might have potential applications, particularly in the fields of orthopedic fixation and tissue engineering.     

Sonochemical preparation of carbon nanosheet from carbon black

Preparation of carbon nanosheet via ultrasound irradiation of carbon black under ambient conditions was reported for the first time. The structure of resulting carbon nanosheet was characterized by TEM, HRTEM, EDX and AFM. The experimental results showed that the carbon nanosheet is composed of ordered graphite carbon layers with a thickness of several nanometers.     

Nitrite Oxidation with Copper–Cobalt Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes Doped Conducting Polymer PEDOT Composite

Copper–cobalt bimetal nanoparticles (Cu?Co) have been electrochemically prepared on glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs), which were electrodeposited with conducting polymer nanocomposites of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Owing to their good conductivity, high mechanical strength, and large surface area, the PEDOT/CNTs composites offered excellent substrates for the electrochemical deposition of Cu?Co nanoparticles. As a result of their nanostructure and the synergic effect between Cu and Co, the Cu?Co/PEDOT/CNTs composites exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity towards the electrochemical oxidation of nitrite. Under optimized conditions, the nanocomposite‐modified electrodes had a fast response time within 2 s and a linear range from 0.5 to 430 μm for the detection of nitrite, with a detection limit of 60 nm . Moreover, the Cu?Co/PEDOT/CNTs composites were highly stable, and the prepared nitrite sensors could retain more than 96 % of their initial response after 30 days.     

Nonexistence of Solutions for Nonlinear Differential Inequalities with Singularities on Unbounded Sets

Mathematical Notes - We study some new Liouville theorems for nonlinear differential inequalities with gradient terms and singular variable coefficients that have singularities on unbounded sets....     

Error estimate of the P 1 nonconforming finite element method for the penalized unsteady Navier-Stokes equations

We consider a finite element method for the penalty formulation of the time dependent Navier-Stokes equations. Usually the improper choice of the finite element space will lead that the error estimate (inversely) depends on the penalty parameter e{\epsilon}. We use the classical P ₁ nonconforming finite element space for the spatial discretization. Optimal e{\epsilon}-uniform error estimations for both velocity and pressure are obtained.