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排序方式: 共有70条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
CV Tomy D Pal SS Banerjee S Ramakrishnan AK Grover S Bhattacharya MJ Higgins G Balakrishnan McK Paul 《Pramana》2002,58(5-6):925-935
The weakly pinned single crystals of the hexagonal 2H-NbSe2 compound have emerged as prototypes for determining and characterizing the phase boundaries of the possible order-disorder
transformations in the vortex matter. We present here a status report based on the ac and dc magnetization measurements of
the peak effect phenomenon in three crystals of 2H-NbSe2, in which the critical current densities vary over two orders of magnitude. We sketch the generic vortex phase diagram of
a weakly pinned superconductor, which also utilizes theoretical proposals. We also establish the connection between the metastability
effects and pinning. 相似文献
2.
Md Sharif Ullah Vladimir V. Zhivonitko Anatoliy Samoylenko Artem Zhyvolozhnyi Sirja Viitala Santeri Kankaanp Sanna Komulainen Leif Schrder Seppo J. Vainio Ville-Veikko Telkki 《Chemical science》2021,12(24):8311
Exosomes are a subset of secreted lipid envelope-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs) of 50–150 nm diameter that can transfer cargo from donor to acceptor cells. In the current purification protocols of exosomes, many smaller and larger nanoparticles such as lipoproteins, exomers and microvesicles are typically co-isolated as well. Particle size distribution is one important characteristics of EV samples, as it reflects the cellular origin of EVs and the purity of the isolation. However, most of the physicochemical analytical methods today cannot illustrate the smallest exosomes and other small particles like the exomers. Here, we demonstrate that diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method enables the determination of a very broad distribution of extracellular nanoparticles, ranging from 1 to 500 nm. The range covers sizes of all particles included in EV samples after isolation. The method is non-invasive, as it does not require any labelling or other chemical modification. We investigated EVs secreted from milk as well as embryonic kidney and renal carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis and immuno-electron microscopy confirmed expression of exosomal markers such as ALIX, TSG101, CD81, CD9, and CD63 in the EV samples. In addition to the larger particles observed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) in the range of 70–500 nm, the DOSY distributions include a significant number of smaller particles in the range of 10–70 nm, which are visible also in transmission electron microscopy images but invisible in NTA. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hyperpolarized chemical exchange saturation transfer (Hyper-CEST) with 129Xe NMR indicates also the existence of smaller and larger nanoparticles in the EV samples, providing also additional support for DOSY results. The method implies also that the Xe exchange is significantly faster in the EV pool than in the lipoprotein/exomer pool.Diffusion and xenon NMR based methods to determine a very broad range of sizes and sub-sets of extracellular vesicles. 相似文献
3.
Alberti G Brunet E Dionigi C Juanes O de La Mata MJ Rodríguez-Ubis JC Vivani R 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1999,38(22):3351-3353
The hydrophilic oxygen atoms of polyethylenoxide chains inserted as pillars in gamma-zirconium phosphate form hydrogen bonds with the acid groups of the host. As a result the pillars are almost perpendicular to the gamma layers. Upon changing the pH level of the supernatant solution the hydrogen bonds are broken and the pillars become almost perpendicular to the layers (shown schematically). Thus there is a reversible enlargement-shortening of the interlayer space. 相似文献
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7.
U. Vainio K. Pirkkalainen K. Kisko G. Goerigk N. E. Kotelnikova R. Serimaa 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2007,42(1):93-101
Microcrystalline cellulose is a porous natural material which
can be used both as a support for nanoparticles and as a reducer of metal ions.
Cellulose supported nanoparticles can act as catalysts in many reactions.
Cu, CuO, and Cu2O particles were prepared in microcrystalline cellulose
by adding a solution of copper salt
to the insoluble cellulose matrix and by reducing the copper ions
with several reducers.
The porous nanocomposites were studied using anomalous small angle X-ray
scattering (ASAXS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
Reduction of Cu2+ with cellulose in ammonium hydrate medium
yielded crystalline CuO nanoparticles and
the crystallite size was about 6–20 nm irrespective of
the copper concentration. The size distribution of the CuO particles
was determined with ASAXS measurements and
coincided with the crystallite sizes.
Using sodium borohydrate or hydrazine sulfate as a reducer
both metallic Cu and Cu2O nanoparticles
were obtained and the crystallite size and the oxidation state
depended on the amount of reducer. 相似文献
8.
Noora Ristolainen Ulla Vainio Santeri Paavola Mika Torkkeli Ritva Serimaa Jukka Seppl 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2005,43(14):1892-1903
The properties of polypropylene composites can be tailored through the use of nanoclay fillers. The effectiveness of a metallocene‐catalyzed hydroxyl‐functional polypropylene in the compatibilization of polypropylene layered nanosilicate composites was studied, and the results were compared with those for a commercial maleic anhydride functionalized polypropylene. Polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending, and two polypropylene/compatibilizer/organoclay ratios, 90/5/5 and 70/20/10, were characterized. The organomodification of the clay was carried out with octadecylamine and N‐methylundecenylamine. The structure of the layered silicate was studied by transmission electron microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The fracture surfaces of the composites and thus the efficiency of the compatibilizers to penetrate the galleries of the organoclays were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the melt viscosity was studied by stress‐controlled rotational rheometry. The nanostructure was observed with both alkyl amines used for intercalation. The fillers facilitated the processability of all the composites, consisting of equal amounts of compatibilizer and organoclay filler and, in some of the composites, containing twice as much compatibilizer as organoclay filler. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1892–1903, 2005 相似文献
9.
The classical order-theoretical characterizations of compact and connected chains, respectively, are extended to wider classes of lattices, using the fact that compactness and (path-) connectedness of maximal chains are closely related to the corresponding properties of the whole lattice (as was already pointed out in an earlier paper due to the second author). Here we replace maximal chains by “links” and study several new types of connectedness in ordered convergence spaces, such as path-connectedness, link-connectedness and 1-connectedness. As a useful framework for these studies, we introduce the concept of “connectivity systems”. 相似文献
10.