A switchable ionic liquid with polarity swing-assisted regeneration properties used for the preconcentration of cadmium in biological samples

In the present study the cadmium (Cd) was determined in serum samples of psoriatic patients. The severity of psoriasis was evaluated according to criteria based on standard clinical diagnosis using Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score. In present study, an innovative tunable green solvent system based microextraction (TSS-ME) was applied for the enrichment of Cd in acid digested serum samples prior to determination with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The hydrophobic complex of Cd-ammonium pyrrolidine thiocarbamate was extracted in a tunable solvent system which was prepared from a polybasic amine (N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-1, 4-diaminobutane), decanol and water system. The tunable green solvent system (TSS) which has zero ionic strength was converted to homogeneous monophasic polar hydrophilic phase via exposure to CO₂ at different pressure and time duration. Then hydrophobic enriched Cd- ammonium pyrrolidine thiocarbamate was back extracted, using HNO₃ (0.1 to 0.5 mol L⁻¹) then the second round of TSS-ME was applied. The acidic aqueous phase enrich with analyte was separated from tunable solvent. The separated TSS was easily reused for up to 10 time for preconcentration purposes without loss of its enrichment character. The smoker and nonsmoker psoriatic patients at PASI >10, have two to three folds higher Cd levels in serum samples than healthy persons.     

Diorganotin(IV) complexes derived from thiazole Schiff bases: synthesis,characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Organotin(IV) complexes are gaining major attention as drug candidates, accordingly we have synthesized a cluster of novel diorganotin(IV) complexes R2SnClL...     

Extractive Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Clarithromycin in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Bromothymol Blue and Cresol Red

Two simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been described for the analysis of clarithromycin in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods involved formation of yellow colored chloroform extractable ion‐association complexes of clarithromycin with bromothymol blue (BTB) and cresol red (CR) in buffered aqueous solution at pH 4. The extracted complexes showed maximum absorbance at 410 and 415 nm for BTB and CR, respectively. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 0.1–20 μg mL^?1 and 2.0–20 μg mL^?1 of clarithromycin with molar absorptivity of 2.01 × 10⁴ and 4.378 × 10³ for BTB and CR, respectively. The composition ratio of the ion‐association complex was clarithromycin: BTB and CR = 1:1 as established by Job's method. The methods have been applied to the determination of drug in commercial formulations. The results of analysis were validated statistically and through recovery studies.     

Optical and Photoacoustic Properties of Laser-Ablated Silver Nanoparticles in a Carbon Dots Solution

This study used the carbon dots solution for the laser ablation technique to fabricate silver nanoparticles. The ablation time range was from 5 min to 20 min. Analytical methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to categorize the prepared samples. The UV-visible and z-scan techniques provided optical parameters such as linear and nonlinear refractive indices in the range of 1.56759 to 1.81288 and 7.3769 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm² W⁻¹ to 9.5269 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm² W⁻¹ and the nonlinear susceptibility was measured in the range of 5.46 × 10⁻⁸ to 6.97 × 10⁻⁸ esu. The thermal effusivity of prepared samples, which were measured using the photoacoustic technique, were in the range of 0.0941 W s^1/2 cm⁻² K⁻¹ to 0.8491 W s^1/2 cm⁻² K⁻¹. The interaction of the prepared sample with fluoride was investigated using a Raman spectrometer. Consequently, the intensity of the Raman signal decreased with the increasing concentration of fluoride, and the detection limit is about 0.1 ppm.     

Recent advances in the application of cellulose derivatives for removal of contaminants from aquatic environments

Cellulose - Inappropriate discharge of industrial wastewater and household effluent has led to an accumulation of hazardous organic substances, oil and grease, heavy metal ions, dyes, and leftover...     

Multi-dimensional instability of electrostatic solitary waves in ultra-relativistic degenerate electron-positron-ion plasmas

The basic features and multi-dimensional instability of electrostatic (EA) solitary waves propagating in an ultra-relativistic degenerate dense magnetized plasma (containing inertia-less electrons, inertia-less positrons, and inertial ions) have been theoretically investigated by reductive perturbation method and small-k perturbation expansion technique. The Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation has been derived, and its numerical solutions for some special cases have been analyzed to identify the basic features (viz. amplitude, width, instability, etc.) of these electrostatic solitary structures. The implications of our results in some compact astrophysical objects, particularly white dwarfs and neutron stars, are briefly discussed.     

Protective Roles of Honey in Reproductive Health: A Review

Nowadays, most people who lead healthy lifestyles tend to use natural products as supplements, complementary medicine or alternative treatments. Honey is God’s precious gift to mankind. Honey has been highly appreciated and extensively used since ancient history due to its high nutritional and therapeutic values. It is also known to enhance fertility. In the last few decades, the important role of honey in modern medicine has been acknowledged due to the large body of convincing evidence derived from extensive laboratory studies and clinical investigations. Honey has a highly complex chemical and biological composition that consists of various essential bioactive compounds, enzymes, amino and organic acids, acid phosphorylase, phytochemicals, carotenoid-like substances, vitamins and minerals. Reproductive health and fertility rates have declined in the last 30 years. Therefore, this review aimed to highlight the protective role of honey as a potential therapeutic in maintaining reproductive health. The main role of honey is to enhance fertility and treat infertility problems by acting as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy for protecting the vagina and uterus from atrophy, protecting against the toxic effects of xeno-oestrogenic agents on female reproductive functions and helping in the treatment of gynaecological disorders, such as vulvovaginal candidiasis infection, that affect women’s lives.