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The development of microplasmas for spectrochemical analysis by optical methods is discussed. Recent achievements in miniaturization are highlighted, especially for three types of plasmas, namely high-frequency plasmas, dc-discharges and microwave plasmas. The potentials of each of these groups of plasmas as sources for atomic emission spectrometry are discussed. Literature citations and experiments indicate that the plasmas are also very useful as atom reservoirs for atomic absorption spectrometry. Methods of sampling, including feeding with gas chromatography effluents, the use of electrothermal vaporization, and the evolution of gaseous species (as shown for the case of Hg vapor), are discussed as prominent interfaces to make use of these sources for elemental analysis. 相似文献
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Renkes T Schäfer HJ Siemens PM Neumann E 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2000,39(14):2512-2516
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V. Siemens T. Harju T. Laitinen K. Larjava J. A. C. Broekaert 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1995,351(1):11-18
The applicability of microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP-OES) for continuous monitoring of the environmentally hazardous element mercury in flue gases has been studied. Microwave induced plasmas have been sustained using both a TM010 cavity (Beenakker resonator) and a so-called Surfatron. The analytical figures of merit for mercury in argon and helium discharges with both types of low-power micro-wave discharges have been examined. To determine mercury in artificial stack gases non-mixed argon/nitrogen discharges have been tested using a tangential flow torch design which allows to introduce a metal-loaded nitrogen gas flow as external gas and argon as internal gas. The addition of main flue gas components such as water vapour (concentration <6 g/m3), oxygen (<4% v/v) and carbon dioxide (<15% v/v) decrease the mercury line intensities to a considerable extent. Trace gases (CO, HCl, SO2, NO) in concentrations typical to waste incineration processes have been found to have no effect on the mercury and the argon line intensities. The detection limit of mercury in nitrogen is 8 g/m3 using the TM010 MIP and 10 g/m3 using the Surfatron. As such low detection limits are below the emission limit values of present-day environmental legislation MIP-OES is useful for on-line monitoring of mercury.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Dieter Klockow on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
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R. A. Kölliker G. O. A. Liebau R. C. Lee G. Ménier I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. H. C. Bayley G. Laubmeyer S. H. Katz A. Baader G. Ljunggren H. Hartridge S. F. Dudley F. G. Edmed R. C. Frederick H. R. Ambler T. C. Sutton P. C. Capron R. Ruyssen J. S. Haldane R. H. Makgill S. Hatta W. Scheruhn Siemens Halske A. G. W. Schiller Kretschmer J. D. Edwards 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1934,97(11-12):424-431
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H. Ellinger Siemens Halske A. -G. H. v. Uslar R. Sewig E. Hoffmann M. Matsui Mitarbeiter A. del Campo F. Burriel L. G. Escolar und W. G. Exton 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1939,116(3-4):142-143
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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M. Neumann Siemens Halske und Braun & Co. 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1918,57(5):232
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献