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Studies of the extraction kinetics of cerium(IV) from H(2)SO(4)-HF solutions with Cyanex 923 in n-heptane have been carried out using a constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow. The experimental hydrodynamic conditions were chosen so that the contribution of diffusion to the measured rate of reaction was minimized. The data were analyzed in terms of pseudo-first order constants. The results were compared with those of the system without HF. It was concluded that the addition of HF reduces the activation energy for the forward rate from 46.2 to 36.5 kJ mol(-1) while it has an opposite effect on the activation energy for the reverse process(the activation energy increased from 23.3 to 90.8 kJ mol(-1)). Thus, HF can accelerate the rate of cerium(IV) extraction. At the same time, the extraction rate is controlled by a mixed chemical reaction-diffusion rather than by a chemical reaction alone. A rate equation has also been obtained. 相似文献
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TiO_2空心微球负载钒、铈催化剂的制备及其对氯苯催化燃烧性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用水热法制备TiO2空心球,以TiO2空心球为载体,采用等体积浸渍法分别制备了不同V负载量(3%~10%)的V2O5/TiO2和稀土改性后的V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂,利用XRD,SEM,EDS,TEM对TiO2空心球及V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂进行了表征,结果表明,空心球TiO2分散性良好,粒径在1.5μm左右,且其为锐钛矿结构,负载的V和大部分的Ce均匀分散在TiO2空心球体内部或者表面而未破坏TiO2空心球结构。考察了催化剂对氯苯的催化燃烧性能,活性评价结果表明当V负载量在5%时,V2O5/TiO2催化剂对氯苯催化燃烧性能最佳,在掺杂10%的稀土Ce后,催化燃烧氯苯的活性得到明显提高。 相似文献
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金纳米粒子组装结构中的表面重组现象 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以纳米粒子为基本结构单元构筑的各种二维或三维超晶格结构受到了广泛的重视[1].人们的兴趣一方面来源于在纳米尺度上控制材料结构 ,另一方面则因为组织化的纳米材料或结构具有独特的性质 ,以期在非线性光学、纳米电子学等前沿领域得到应用[2].当前研究最多的结构形式是固体表面上的纳米粒子阵列或单层薄膜 ,通常是胶体粒子靠某种特殊相互作用吸附或沉积在固体表面上(亦称为“纳米粒子在表面上的组装[3]”) ,因此对纳米粒子及固体表面进行功能化的修饰 ,从而控制纳米粒子在表面上的排列和聚集状态 ,是制备这类复合结构的核心问… 相似文献
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A sensitive and selective electrochemical Pb2+ sensor consisting of a gold-carbon foam/chitosan/gold (Au-CFs/Chit/Au)-modified electrode was prepared. The electrode was synthesized via an oil-in-water emulsion polymerization and carbonization approach. Phenolic resins were used as a carbon source. HAuCl4 was used as a gold source and as an acidic catalyst. Melamine was used as a coordination and coupling agent to control the size of the Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The morphologies and microstructures of the Au-CFs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the carbon foams contained interconnected macropores with diameters of nearly 5.0 μm and AuNPs with mean diameters of approximately 20.0, 9.0, and 7.0 nm. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis revealed that the biggest surface area is 653.82 m2/g for Au/CFs-7. The electrochemical properties of modified electrodes and their responses to Pb2+ were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The influence of the test conditions were studied to optimize operational parameters such as the choice of supporting electrolyte, pH, deposition potential, and deposition time. Under optimal conditions, typical Au/CFs-7-modified gold electrodes exhibited an excellent electrochemical response for Pb2+ with a wide linear response range from 0.01 to 1.2 μM, a correlation coefficient of 0.995, and a lower limit of detection of 0.63 nM with deposition time of 180 s (S/N?=?3). 相似文献
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以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用等体积浸渍法分别制备了不同V负载量(4%~15%(质量分数))的V2O5/SBA-15及经过铈掺杂后的V2O5-CeO2/SBA-15催化剂,考察了催化剂对氯苯的催化燃烧性能,用XRD,UV-vis,SEM和TEM对催化剂进行了表征。活性评价结果表明,当V质量分数在10%时的V2O5/SBA-15催化剂对氯苯催化燃烧性能最好,在掺杂10%的稀土Ce后,催化燃烧氯苯的活性得到明显提高。表征结果表明,V2O5和CeO2均分散在SBA-15的孔道骨架上,没有破坏SBA-15的中孔结构。 相似文献
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由于2一乙基己基磷酸单(2一乙基已基)酯(HEH/EHP)的PK。比二(2一乙基已基)磷酸(HDEHP)的高,从而用HEH/EHP革取金属离子时所需的水相酸度低,反革容易,国内外对HEH/EHP革取金属离子的机理研究较多[’-‘j,且用于工业生产.但用两相滴定法研究较少“,’‘.在确定机理和革合物组成时,两相滴定法比传统的斜率法快速简便,试剂消耗少.适于弱酸性革取剂的革取体系研究,目前对银的革取未见报道.本文采用两相滴定法研究了HEH/EHP的正辛烷溶液在HNO。介质中幸取Sr(I)的机理,测定了军合物组成以及计算了相应… 相似文献
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