Functional analysis of repositioned anilide derivatives as anticancer compounds

Off the different types cancers 40% of the population have been observed to be affected by leukemia. Contemporary therapeutics is focusing on generation of new synthetic analogues that can exert maximum positive physiological effect with minimum dosage and negligible deleterious side effects. New generation pharmacists are focusing on such promising effects of Imatinib (a potential anti-cancer drug molecule), Dasatinib, Pelitinib and Nilotinib. The present research study focuses on novel synthesized anilides derivative against BCR-ABL kinase as potential anti-leukemic agent. Validation of the compounds by molecular docking with specific BCR-ABL kinase confirmed their activity. Toxicity prediction of these compounds helped to identify sustainability as therapeutic molecules. The IC₅₀ values were calculated (211 ug, 175 ug, 272ug for compounds A, B, C resp.) and the mode of cell death was gauged by DNA laddering assay. The cells were observed to be induced for programmed cell death. By validating and in-vivo testing of three synthesized compounds, the compound B was observed to be more stable thermodynamically with a potentially vital active site and appears to be a promising anti-leukemic factor. The present research thus lays a preliminary platform in world of pharmaceutics, where these new analogues appear to be efficient, target specific and less toxic molecules.     

Evaluation of the Effect of Citronellol Group on Functionalized Mesogenic Materials by Capillary GC

In this paper, the effects of functionalization with terpenes on two new liquid-crystalline stationary phases for gas chromatography (GC) are described. Citronellol was used as the terminal group in the first material, and tetrahydrogeraniol was used with a second material. Inverse GC showed that the new materials have wide liquid-crystalline ranges (mesophases), 371–500 and 395–501 K, respectively. Moreover, they show good thermal stability up to 523 K and good potential as stationary phases for capillary GC. To clarify the effects of the liquid crystal structures and functional groups on retention and separation, the chromatographic behaviors of the two stationary phases were compared by eluting alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, and terpenoids. The selectivities for a wide range of analytes achieved using the citronellol column were significantly better than those obtained using the tetrahydrogeraniol column. The columns showed different retention behaviors and fine resolutions for some of the main constituents of essential oils. Introduction of the double bond of citronellol greatly improved the polarization interactions involved in the shape recognition of the liquid-crystalline state for isomers. The new citronellol liquid-crystalline stationary phase, therefore, has a high affinity for natural compounds.

     

Microemulsion high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of ibuprofen in the presence of preservatives and impurities in oral pediatric suspension

A simple and rapid isocratic oil-in-water microemulsion HPLC method (MELC) has been developed for the analysis of ibuprofen in oral suspension formulation. The method was optimized for simultaneous separation and determination of Ibuprofen and its related compound C (Imp C), sodium benzoate, methylparaben, propylparaben and their related compound A (Imp A). The optimum conditions were achieved by testing several columns and mobile phase compositions, while the chromatographic parameters (retention time, plate number, tailing factor and resolution) were measured. The six compounds were successfully separated within a run time of 14 min, using Eurospher II C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) at ambient temperature, a mobile phase made of 5.0 g SDS, 6.6 g butan-1-ol, 0.8 g n-heptane in 100 mL of 0.05% TFA. Flow rate was fixed to 1 mL min^?1 and wavelength detection to 254 nm. The same phase was used in UHPLC and monolithic columns. A rapid comparison of system suitability between the three methods was made. The HPLC method was validated following ICH guidelines in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision. The developed method was successfully applied to a commercial pharmaceutical formulation which shows that it can be used for routine analysis.     

Small amplitude dust-acoustic soliton energy in dusty plasmas with suprathermal polarization force

The effect of suprathermal polarization force on both linear and weakly nonlinear dust-acoustic solitary structures in a three-component dusty plasma is investigated. For this purpose, a new expression of the polarization force acting on dust particles that include the electronic suprathermal effect is derived. The results are applied to two different experimental dusty plasmas. We have found that the polarization force acting on the dust grains decreases as the electron suprathermality becomes more significant. In addition, we have shown that, for a given value of the spectral index κ , the polarization force magnitude fluctuates from one plasma to another. The changes arising in the propagation of small-amplitude dust-acoustic (DA) solitons due to the presence of this suprathermal polarization force are also analysed. Interestingly, an increase in the magnitude of the polarization force leads to an increase in the amplitude and width of DA soliton and provides more energy to the motion of this soliton.     

Mesure invariante pour l’équation stochastique d’un modéle de compétition limitée entre des espéces avec une diffusion spatiale

On considére l’équation stochastique decrivant un systéme den espéces avec une perturbation stochastique du type environnemental et une diffusion dans un territoire de chaque espéce. On suppose la compétition avec un effet limité entre le espéces différentes, tandis que l’effet logistique pour chaque espéce est supposé quadratique. Sous une condition convenable pour les coefficients, on démontre l’existence d’une mesure invariante pour cette équation stochastique, oú la densité de population de chaque espéce est presque surement positive.      

Mechanism of antioxidant capacity assays and the CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) assay

We report on the application of a simple and versatile antioxidant capacity assay for dietary polyphenols, vitamin C and vitamin E utilizing the copper(II)-neocuproine (Cu(II)-Nc) reagent as the chromogenic oxidant, which we term the CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) method. It involves mixing the antioxidant solution (directly or after acid hydrolysis) with solutions of CuCl₂, neocuproine, and ammonium acetate at pH 7, and measuring the absorbance at 450 nm after 30 min. Slowly reacting antioxidants required an incubation at 50 °C for 20 min for color development. The flavonoid glycosides were hydrolyzed to their corresponding aglycones by refluxing in 1.2 M HCl-containing 50% MeOH for fully exhibiting their antioxidant potencies. Certain compounds also needed incubation after acid hydrolysis for color development. The CUPRAC absorbances of mixture constituents were additive, indicating lack of chemical deviations from Beer’s law. The CUPRAC antioxidant capacities of a wide range of polyphenolics are reported in this work and compared to those found by ABTS/persulfate and Folin assays. The trolox-equivalent capacities of the antioxidants were linearly correlated (r = 0.8) to those found by ABTS but not to those of Folin. The highest antioxidant capacities in the CUPRAC method were observed for epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, fisetin, epigallocatechin, catechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, gallic acid, rutin, and chlorogenic acid in this order, in accordance with theoretical expectations. The experiences of other CUPRAC users also are summarized. Correspondence: Reşat Apak, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, TR-34320 Istanbul, Turkey     

Crystalline structure and morphological properties of undoped and Sn doped ZnO thin films

Undoped and tin (Sn) doped ZnO thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis method. Effect of Sn dopant on the crystalline structure and morphological properties of ZnO thin films has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method. XRD patterns confirm that the films have polycrystalline nature. While undoped ZnO film has (101) as the preferred orientation, Sn doped ZnO thin films have (002) as the preferred orientation. Grain sizes, lattice parameters and texture coefficient values of the films were determined. Microstructure was analyzed by SEM and the influence of the doping concentration in the microstructure of the films is investigated.     

Phase Transition Behavior of a New Monotropic Liquid Crystal by Inverse GC

A new monotropic liquid crystal with crown ether substituent called Substance M was synthetized and characterized by several methods: ¹H NMR, hot stage polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and inverse gas chromatography. Annealing experiments with inverse gas chromatography confirmed the monotropic behavior of the compound. Isothermally in the nematic state, solute probes chosen were chromatographed after different heating times. The changes of the corresponding retention times were studied.     

Effects of In, Al and Sn dopants on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films

Effect of In, Al and Sn dopants on the optical and structural properties of ZnO thin films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction technique and optical characterization method. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm that the films have polycrystalline nature. The thin films have (002) as the preferred orientation. This (002) preferred orientation is due to the minimal surface energy which the hexagonal structure, c-plane to the ZnO crystallites, corresponds to the densest packed plane. The grain size values of the films are found to be 29.0, 35.2 and 39.5 nm for In, Al and Sn doped ZnO thin films, respectively. The optical band gaps of the films were calculated. The absorption edge shifts to the lower wavelengths with In, Al and Sn dopants. The inclusion of dopant into films expands also width of localized states as E(UIn)>E(UAl)>E(USn). The refractive index dispersion curves obey the single oscillator model. The dispersion parameters and optical constants of the films were determined. These parameters changed with In, Al and Sn dopants.     

Reconstruction and crosstalk of protein-protein interaction networks of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling in Drosophila melanogaster

In the last few years, researchers have an intense interest in the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways which have crucial roles during embryonic development. The most intriguing factor of this interest is that malfunctioning of these signaling pathways (Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt etc.) leads to several human diseases, especially to cancer. This study deals with the β-catenin dependent branch of Wnt signaling and the Hedgehog signaling pathways which offer potential targeting points for cancer drug development. The identification of all proteins functioning in these signaling networks is crucial for the efforts of preventing tumor formation. Here, through integration of protein-protein interaction data and Gene Ontology annotations, Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signaling networks consisting of proteins that have statistically high probability of being biologically related to these signaling pathways were reconstructed in Drosophila melanogaster. Next, by the structural network analyses, the crucial components functioning in these pathways were identified. The proteins Arm, Frizzled receptors (Fz and Fz2), Arr, Apc, Axn, Ci and Ptc were detected as the key proteins in these networks. Futhermore, the hub protein Mer having tumor suppressor function may be proposed as a putative drug target for cancer and deserves further investigation via experimental methods. Finally, the crosstalk analysis between the reconstructed networks reveals that these two signaling networks crosstalk to each other.