Kinetics and mechanism of reaction between mercuric bromoiodide and silver iodide in solid state

Kinetics and the mechanism of the reaction between mercuric bromoidide and silver iodide in solid state were studied by X-ray, chemical analysis, thermal, and electrical conductivity measurements. HgBrI and AgI react in the molar ratio 1:3 to give AgBr and Ag₂HgI₄. The data for the lateral diffusion fit best in the equation X_iⁿ = kt. It has been established that the reaction proceeds via a vapor phase diffusion-controlled mechanism through counterdiffusion of Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺. There also seems to be some evidence for the formation of solid solutions between reactant and product phases.     

Effect of emergent carrying capacity in an eco‐epidemiological system

The paper explores an eco‐epidemiological model of a predator–prey type, where the prey population is subject to infection. The model is basically a combination of S‐I type model and a Rosenzweig–MacArthur predator–prey model. The novelty of this contribution is to consider different competition coefficients within the prey population, which leads to the emergent carrying capacity. We explicitly separate the competition between non‐infected and infected individuals. This emergent carrying capacity is markedly different to the explicit carrying capacities that have been considered in many eco‐epidemiological models. We observed that different intra‐class and inter‐class competition can facilitate the coexistence of susceptible prey‐infected prey–predator, which is impossible for the case of the explicit carrying capacity model. We also show that these findings are closely associated with bi‐stability. The present system undergoes bi‐stability in two different scenarios: (a) bi‐stability between the planner equilibria where susceptible prey co‐exists with predator or infected prey and (b) bi‐stability between co‐existence equilibrium and the planner equilibrium where susceptible prey coexists with infected prey; have been discussed. The conditions for which the system is to be permanent and the global stability of the system around disease‐free equilibrium are worked out. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal–electrical–hydraulic properties of Al2O3–SiO2 hybrid nanofluids for advanced PEM fuel cell thermal management

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Hybrid nanofluid is a new revolutionized cooling liquid with improved thermo-physical properties as compared to conventional coolant. This paper...     

Three-component reaction involving metal-free heteroannulation of N-Boc-3-amido indole, aryl aldehydes, and aromatic alkynes under microwave conditions: synthesis of highly diversified δ-carbolines

An efficient synthesis toward highly diversified δ-carbolines via one-pot multicomponent reaction using N-Boc-3-amido indoles, aryl aldehydes, and aromatic terminal alkynes under microwave conditions has been described.     

Sustainability of biodiesel production in Malaysia by production of bio-oil from crude glycerol using microwave pyrolysis: a review

Biodiesel being one of the most promising renewable biofuels has seen rapid increase in production capacity due to high demand for diesel replacement; along with oversupply of its by-product, crude glycerol. Developing new industrial usage for glycerol is essential to defray the cost and sustainability of biodiesel industry and to promote the biodiesel industrialization. One of the approaches is by the transformation of glycerol into a liquid, referred as bio-oil through pyrolysis technology. Bio-oils produced by pyrolysis processes can be upgraded to produce transportation fuels or for power generation. However, current state of pyrolysis technologies are still major hurdles their development with respect to its commercial applications. Recently, microwave technology has attracted considerable attention as effective method for significantly reducing reaction time, improving the yields and selectivity of target products. Hence, this review strives extensively towards addressing the application of microwave-assisted technology applied to the pyrolysis process as a way of cost-effective and operationally feasible processes to directly utilize crude glycerol. The present review will focus on the pyrolyzed liquid product (bio-oil) derived by employing the microwave-assisted pyrolysis method. This review concludes that microwave-assisted glycerol conversion technology is a promising option as an alternative method to conventional glycerol conversion technology.     

ENERGY LEVELS OF NUCLEI USING BOGOLIUBOV-VALATIN:TRANSFORMATIONS FOR THREE PARTICLE: INTERACTION

The calculation of energy Levels of nuclei in the presence of three-particle interaction is very involved.But using the Bogoliubov-Valatin transformations this calculation is considerably simplified.     

PROTON-AMTIPROTOM ELASTIC SCATTERING AT HIGH ENERGIES

The differential cross sections for high energy P P elastic scattering showing structure near -t=1.5 (GeV/c)² for P_L=50,100 and 200 GeV/c together with total cross sections for 50≤P_L≤280 GeV/c, and with -t extending up to 5(GeV/c)² have been fitted by using a dipole pomeron model.     

Optimal harvesting and complex dynamics in a delayed eco-epidemiological model with weak Allee effects

In this article, an eco-epidemiological system with weak Allee effect and harvesting in prey population is discussed by a system of delay differential equations. The delay parameter regarding the time lag corresponds to the predator gestation period. Mathematical features such as uniform persistence, permanence, stability, Hopf bifurcation at the interior equilibrium point of the system is analyzed and verified by numerical simulations. Bistability between different equilibrium points is properly discussed. The chaotic behaviors of the system are recognized through bifurcation diagram, Poincare section and maximum Lyapunov exponent. Our simulation results suggest that for increasing the delay parameter, the system undergoes chaotic oscillation via period doubling. We also observe a quasi-periodicity route to chaos and complex dynamics with respect to Allee parameter; such behavior can be subdued by the strength of the Allee effect and harvesting effort through period-halving bifurcation. To find out the optimal harvesting policy for the time delay model, we consider the profit earned by harvesting of both the prey populations. The effect of Allee and gestation delay on optimal harvesting policy is also discussed.     

One-pot Zn/CuI/TFA-catalyzed domino three-component-carbocyclization reaction involving biphenyl-2-carbaldehydes/alkynes/piperidine: allenes-mediated construction of phenanthrenes

A one-pot protocol involving Zn/CuI/TFA-catalyzed domino three-component and subsequent carbocyclization reactions is described. The reaction proceeds via formation of propargyl amines from biphenyl-2-carbaldehydes/terminal alkynes/piperidine followed by the elimination of piperidine and ring closure to furnish phenanthrene derivatives in good yields. The strategy involves C(sp)-H activation-CH functionalization with imine-alkyne activation-1,5 hydride shift-β-elimination of piperidine-allene formation-6π cycloaddition-isomerization domino sequence. Evidence for the involvement of allenes as an intermediate during carbocyclization is discussed.