波长缩放高频调制全息成象公式的校正

本文给出了高频调制具有波长缩放全息成象公式的校正系数.由校正后的公式计算的成象点,其衍射角及坐标值可获得精确的结果.验证表明,计算的坐标值与实际的坐标值之差保持在0.4％左右.并给出了当μ≤1时由校正系数直接计算x_3ν和y_3ν的简便公式. 关键词：     

Sol-gel bioactive glass-ceramics Part II: Glass-ceramics in the CaO-SiO2-P2O5-MgO system

Ceramics, with basic composition based on the CaO-SiO₂-P₂O₅-MgO system with different Ca+ Mg/P+Si molar ratio (R), were prepared via polystep sol-gel technique. The structure of the obtained ceramic materials has been studied by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of akermanite and HA for the sample with R = 1.68 and Mg substituted β-TCP and silicocarnotite for the sample with R = 2.16, after thermal treatment at 1200°C/2 h. The obtained results are in good agreement with FTIR. In vitro test for bioactivity in static condition proved that the carbonate containing hydroxyapatite (CO₃HA) can be formed on the surface of the synthesized samples. CO₃HA consisted of both A- and B-type CO₃²⁻ ions. SEM micrographs depicted different forms of HA particles, precipitated on the surface after soaking in 1.5 simulated body fluid (SBF).      

Thermal and Sintering Behaviour of Basalt Glasses and Natural Basalt Powders

A study of three Spanish and one Bulgarian basaltic rock demonstrated that, after thermal treatment at temperatures higher than 800°C, crystallization of pyroxenes, anorthite and magnetic occurred. Following sintering of the original basalts and powdered original glasses, the same crystalline phases were nucleated and grown in the resulting glass-ceramics. Chemical and DTA/TG analyses suggested similar behaviour for the synthesized Canarian basalt glasses, which are located in the tephrite-basanite field, and different behaviour for the trachy-andesite Canarian and the basaltic-andesite Bulgarian basalt glass. In consequence of the high sensitivity of the specific heat to phase transformations, C_p(T) and TMA experiments allowed a distinction between the tephrite-basanite and trachy-andesite Canarian glasses on the basis of their different thermal behaviour. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Evolution of nanometer voids in polycarbonate under mechanical stress and thermal expansion using positron spectroscopy

Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) measurements were conducted on polycarbonate subjected to either thermal expansion or to tensile and compressive strains. It was found that thermal expansion affected both the nanometer hole size and the hole number density, whereas mechanical stress affected mainly the size of existing holes, and did not generate or eliminate holes in the quasielastic deformation region. The effect of stress on yield and postyield behavior of this glassy material was also investigated. The deduced hole volume fraction of this polymer at 25°C was 6.8 ± 0.5% from the thermal expansion experiment and 7.2 ± 1.2% from the mechanical loading experiment. When the specimen was under compression, the hole volume fraction was found to continuously decrease. This can be considered as evidence of the inability of the free volume concept in explaining the yield behavior of glassy polymers. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Possible side reactions due to water in emulsion polymerization by late transition metal complexes. 1. Water complexation and hydrolysis of the growing chain

The transition metal catalyzed ethylene polymerization in aqueous emulsion has been increasingly successful in the last couple of years. Water however adversely affects the polymerization process by (a) competing with ethylene for the binding site at the metal and (b) hydrolyzing the growing chain. Neutral salicylaldiminato and cationic diimine complexes of Ni and Pd with different substituent patterns are studied here by density functional theory to determine their propensity toward water complexation and hydrolysis of the growing chain. Experimental NMR studies have also been carried out on the protonolysis of the Ni(II)-based Grubbs catalyst. It is found that in general that (a) ethylene coordination is preferred over water coordination for both Ni and Pd catalysts and (b) hydrolysis of the metal alkyl bond is competitive to ethylene insertion.