Synthetic directions towards capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 18C

An efficient synthetic strategy has been developed for the synthesis of the tri, tetrasaccharide block and pentasaccharide corresponding to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumonia serotype 18C as their 2-aminoethyl glycosides. A one-pot glycosylation-deprotection, sequential glycosylations strategy has been adopted for the construction of the fragments and pentasaccharide derivative, which were then transformed into target compound after a series of functional group transformations. The synthetic method relies on the use of p-methoxybenzyl ether as an in situ-removable protecting group to reduce the number of reaction steps significantly. Here H₂SO₄-silica has been used successfully as a promoter for all glycosylation reaction. In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications.     

Axisymmetric free vibrations of infinite thermoelastic plate

The propagation of axisymmetric free vibrations in an infinite homogeneous isotropic micropolar thermoelastic plate without energy dissipation subjected to stress free and rigidly fixed boundary conditions is investigated. The secular equations for homogeneous isotropic micropolar thermoelastic plate without energy dissipation in closed form for symmetric and skew symmetric wave modes of propagation are derived. The different regions of secular equations are obtained. At short wavelength limits, the secular equations for symmetric and skew symmetric modes of wave propagation in a stress free insulated and isothermal plate reduce to Rayleigh surface wave frequency equation. The results for thermoelastic, micropolar elastic and elastic materials are obtained as particular cases from the derived secular equations. The amplitudes of displacement components, microrotation and temperature distribution are also computed during the symmetric and skew symmetric motion of the plate. The dispersion curves for symmetric and skew symmetric modes and amplitudes of displacement components, microrotation and temperature distribution in case of fundamental symmetric and skew symmetric modes are presented graphically. The analytical and numerical results are found to be in close agreement.     

Regioselective Photocyclization Reactions of 3‐Allyloxy‐6‐chloro‐2‐(thiophen‐3‐yl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one: Solvent Effect

The photo‐irradiation of thienylchromenone resulted in the regioselective cyclization which is exclusively controlled by the nature of solvent used as reaction medium. Compared to nonpolar medium, polar solvent furnished a diverse array of novel angular tetracyclic photoproducts with gem‐dihydro functionality and exocyclic double bonds on the fused pyran ring, which is unprecedented to best of our knowledge.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Antimicrobial Studies of Novel Benzodipyran Analog of Chloramphenicol

A synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial study of a novel benzodipyran analog of chloramphenicol was carried out. Structure–antimicrobial activity relationship study indicates that benzodipyran analog of chloramphenicol was most active against Gram‐positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungal strains Rhizoctonia bataticola and Penicillium even at minimum inhibitory concentration 10 µg/mL and showed moderate activity in other bacterial and fungal organisms. All the compounds synthesized during the present investigation were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ESI‐MS, and elemental analysis.     

Ring opening of epoxides with alcohols using Fe(Cp)2BF4 as catalyst

Fe(Cp)₂BF₄ is an efficient catalyst for the alcoholysis of aromatic, aliphatic, and cyclic epoxides giving excellent yields of the corresponding β-alkoxy alcohols under ambient conditions. The methanolysis of styrene oxide using Fe(Cp)₂BF₄ as a catalyst (5 mol %) gave excellent yield of 2-methoxy-2-phenylethanol with complete regio-selectivity. The ring opening of cyclic epoxides gave 77–97% yields of trans-β-methoxy alcohols, in 0.5–6 h. The use of 1,2-epoxyhexane and 1,2-epoxydodecane as substrates gave both regioisomers in excellent yields. The first order rate of reaction with respect to catalyst was observed for the kinetics of ring opening of 1,2-epoxyhexane with methanol.     

Use of NAD(P)H Fluorescence Measurement for On-Line Monitoring of Metabolic State of Azohydromonas australica in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Production

Culture fluorescence measurement is an indirect and non-invasive method of biomass estimation to assess the metabolic state of the microorganism in a fermentation process. In the present investigation, NAD(P)H fluorescence has been used for on-line in situ characterization of metabolic changes occurring during different phases of batch cultivation of Azohydromonas australica in growth associated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) or PHB production. A linear correlation between biomass concentration and net NAD(P)H fluorescence was obtained during early log phase (3–12 h) and late log phase (24–39 h) of PHB fermentation. After 12 h (mid log phase) cultivation PHB accumulation shot up and a drop in culture fluorescence was observed which synchronously exhibited continuous utilization of NAD(P)H for the synthesis of biomass and PHB formation simultaneously. A decrease in the observed net fluorescence value was observed again towards the end of fermentation (at 39 h) which corresponded very well with the culture starvation and substrate depletion towards the end of cultivation inside the bioreactor. It was therefore concluded that NAD(P)H fluorescence measurements could be used for indication of the time of fresh nutrient (substrate) feed during substrate limitation to further enhance the PHB production.