Intermolecular diels-alder reactions of n-acyl-n-alkyl(aryl)-1-amino-1,3-dienes

Intermolecular Diels-Alder additions of the readily available dienamides $\text{3}$ to various dienophiles proceeded in a regio- and stereoselective manner, allowing the preparation of complex anilides ($\text{5}$), cyclohexenyl amides ($\text{6}$, $\text{8}$) and bridged heterocycles ($\text{13}$).     

In Situ Characterization of Polymorphic Forms: The Potential of Raman Techniques

The use of hot-stage Raman microscopy — the direct coupling of Raman spectroscopy and thermomicroscopy — is demonstrated for the drug substances paracetamol and lufenuron.Paracetamol is a well-known analgesic and antipyretic drug, for which three polymorphic forms are currently known. Lufenuron is a benzoylphenyl urea derivative that has been classified as a chitin synthesis inhibitor. It is indicated for the use in pets for the prevention and control of flea population and used in crop protection for the control of Lepidoptera, Western Flower thrips and rust mites. It is the first time that the polymorphism of lufenuron is addressed. All known modifications of paracetamol and lufenuron were produced and identified by hot-stage Raman microscopy. A close correlation of thermal and spectroscopic information was achieved by this combination of techniques.For lufenuron a series of new polymorphic forms were found and characterized. Raman spectroscopy allowed to identify the thermodynamic stable form A as the one which is marketed in tablets.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Preparative chromatographic separation of enantiomers.

The potential of the chromatographic separation of enantiomers on a preparative scale as a tool for the isolation of optically pure compounds is gaining increasing recognition. This review surveys the different chiral stationary phases (CSPs) used for preparative chromatography, emphasizing the advantages and drawbacks of each. The strategy to be followed for preparative separations is discussed and tables summarizing separations reported in the literature give an overview of practical applications. Cellulose triacetate has been used most frequently, probably because of its broad application range and its low production costs in comparison with more recently introduced CSPs. Nevertheless, the high efficiency of some of the novel CSPs is likely to contribute to the further development and expansion of the method.     

Microanalyse fonctionnelle organique basée sur la détermination des constantes physiques. Identification des acides aminés

Résumé Le présent travail, tout en s'inscrivant comme contribution aux microdéterminations des constantes physiques des corps organiques, est en même temps une contribution à la microanalyse fonctionnelle organique, en ce sens qu'il préconise l'emploi de deux constantes physiques: la température de fusion eutectique et l'indice de réfraction pour identifier les acides aminés.Toutes les déterminations se font en une minute et sur un cristal. Cette méthode est extensible à d'autres classes de composés et susceptible de rendre de grands services dans le contrôle industriel et biochimique.La méthode préconisée ici pour l'identification des corps organiques concurrence avantageusement celle de préparation des dérivés des substances organiques et permettrait en outre d'accélérer les déductions de l'analyse qualitative organique classique, basées sur les différences, de solubilité (méthode deStaudinger, Kamm, Shriner, etc.). Ces nouvelles techniques se prêtent aussi à une extension quantitative.

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Summary This study, though entitled as a contribution to the microdetermination of the physical constants of organic compounds, is at the same time a contribution to functional organic microanalysis, in the sense that it involves the use of two physical constants: the eutectic fusion temperature and the index of refraction for identifying amino acids.All the determinations can be made in one minute and on only one crystal. This method may be extended to other classes of compounds and is capable of rendering great service in industrial and biochemical control.The method given here for the identification of organic compounds competes advantageously with that of preparing derivatives of organic materials and furthermore it permits speeding up the deductions of classical qualitative organic analysis based on the differences in solubility (method ofStaudinger, Kamm, Shriner, etc.). Quantitative developments are being studied.

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Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit ist sowohl ein Beitrag zur Mikrobestimmung physikalischer Konstanten organischer Stoffe, wie gleichzeitig auch ein Beitrag zur funktionellen organischen Mikroanalyse. Es wird vorgeschlagen, die Bestimmung zweier physikalischer Konstanten, nämlich der eutektischen Temperatur und des Brechungsindex zur Identifizierung von Aminosäuren zu verwenden.Diese Bestimmungen sind in einer Minute an nur einem Kristall ausführbar. Die Methode ist auch auf andere Arten von Verbindungen übertragbar und geeignet, bei der Untersuchung technischer und biochemischer Produkte gute Dienste zu leisten.Die vorgeschlagene Methode ist vorteilhafter als die Identifizierung organischer Stoffe über den Weg der Herstellung von Derivaten. Außerdem läßt sich mit ihrer Hilfe die Ausführung des klassischen organischen Analysenganges nach dem Prinzip der Löslichkeitsunterschiede (Staudinger, Kamm, Shriner u. a.) beschleunigen. Die quantitative Auswertung der angegebenen Verfahren ist in Aussicht genommen.

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Ce travail a été subsidié par leFonds national de la recherche scientifique de Belgique.     

Nitrosoalkenes: Synthesis and Reactivity

Some α- and β-halonitrosoalkenes 1 have been synthesized and characterized. The halogen atoms of the oxime precursors 2 can be substituted by alkoxy groups. Two kinds of cycloaddition reaction of 1 have been observed: (i) reaction of the NO group with dienes gives 3, 6-dihydrooxazine derivatives 6 which isomerise to epoxyepimines 7 in most cases of β-substituted nitrosoalkenes; (ii) if 4, 5-dihydrooxazines 22 are obtained, the cycloaddition of the nitrosoalkenes as 4π-component is presumed.     

Synthesis, resolution, and VCD analysis of an enantiopure diazaoxatricornan derivative

Using simple organic synthetic transformations, a novel diazaoxatricornan derivative, the 12 c-methyl-12-phenyl-8-propyl-12,12 c-dihydro-8 H-4-oxa-8,12-diazadibenzo[ cd, mn]pyrene ( 6a), was prepared. This novel chiral cup-shaped molecule was isolated in racemic form and in excellent yield after the addition of methyl lithium to the BF 4 salt of a novel unsymmetrical diazaoxatriangulenium cation. Compound 6a was found to be stable under classical laboratory conditions-something not obvious considering the extreme stability of the carbenium ion precursor, the electron-rich nature of the core, and the strain induced by the pyramidalization of the central carbon. The enantiomers were readily separated by chiral stationary phase chromatography, and the absolute configuration of (-)-( S)- 6a was determined by a comparison of the experimental and theoretical vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra. This isolation of (-)-( S)- 6a and (+)-( R)- 6a constitutes thus the first report of a nonracemic closed-capped chiral bowl molecule for which the chirality is due to the intrinsic dissymmetry of the central core of the structure only.     

Template-Assembled Synthetic Proteins (TASP). Cyclic Templates with Incorporated Turn-Inducing Mimics

The 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphth-2-oic acid ( 1 ), 8-(aminomethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphth-2-oic acid ( 2 ), and 8-(aminomethyl)naphth-2-oic acid ( 3 ) were synthesized in their protected forms as turn-inducing dipeptide mimics. Two of them ( 2 and 3 ) were incorporated into a novel type of cyclic, peptide-based structures (see 21 and 34 – 36 ) designed as templates for the synthesis of TASP molecules.