Highly Axial Magnetic Anisotropy in a N3O5 Dysprosium(III) Coordination Environment Generated by a Merocyanine Ligand

A spiropyran‐based switchable ligand isomerizes upon reaction with lanthanide(III) precursors to generate complexes with an unusual N₃O₅ coordination sphere. The air‐stable dysprosium(III) complex shows a hysteresis loop at 2 K and a very strong axial magnetic anisotropy generated by the merocyanine phenolate donor.     

A Preorganized Hydrogen-Bonding Motif for the Molecular Recognition of Carbohydrates

The choice between adaptive and preorganized architectures, or of the most effective hydrogen bonding groups to be selected, are dilemmas that supramolecular chemists must address in designing synthetic receptors for such a challenging guest as carbohydrates. In this paper, structurally related architectures featuring two alternative hydrogen bonding motifs were compared to ascertain the structural and functional origin of their binding differences and the advantages that can be expected in monosaccharide recognition. A set of structurally related macrocyclic receptors were prepared, and their binding properties were measured by NMR and ITC techniques in chloroform vs a common saccharidic target, namely, the β-octyl glycoside of D-glucose. Results showed that the diaminocarbazolic motif, recently reported as the constituting unit of highly effective receptors for saccharides in water, is a superior hydrogen bonding motif compared to the previously described diaminopyrrolic motif, which was successfully employed in molecular recognition of carbohydrates in polar organic solvents, due to intrinsic structural and functional factors, rather than to hydrophobic contributions. In addition, the occurrence of a rare example of a thermodynamic template effect exerted by the beta-glucoside has been ascertained, enhancing the synthesis outcome of the otherwise low yielding preparation of the described macrocyclic receptors.     

Micro-Mesoporous Carbons from Cyclodextrin Nanosponges Enabling High-Capacity Silicon Anodes and Sulfur Cathodes for Lithiated Si-S Batteries

Manufactured globally on industrial scale, cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic oligosaccharides produced by enzymatic conversion of starch. Their typical structure of truncated cone can host a wide variety of guest molecules to create inclusion complexes; indeed, we daily use CD as unseen components of food, cosmetics, textiles and pharmaceutical excipients. The synthesis of active material composites from CD resources can enable or enlarge the effective utilization of these products in the battery industry with some economical as well as environmental benefits. New and simple strategies are here presented for the synthesis of nanostructured silicon and sulfur composite materials with carbonized hyper cross-linked CD (nanosponges) that show satisfactory performance as high-capacity electrodes. For the sulfur cathode, the mesoporous carbon host limits polysulfide dissolution and shuttle effects and guarantees stable cycling performance. The embedding of silicon nanoparticles into the carbonized nanosponge allows to achieve high capacity and excellent cycling performance. Moreover, due to the high surface area of the silicon composite, the characteristics at the electrode/electrolyte interface dominate the overall electrochemical reversibility, opening a detailed analysis on the behavior of the material in different electrolytes. We show that the use of commercial LP30 electrolyte causes a larger capacity fade, and this is associated with different solid electrolyte interface layer formation and it is also demonstrated that fluoroethylene carbonate addition can significantly increase the capacity retention and the overall performance of our nanostructured Si/C composite in both ether-based and LP30 electrolytes. As a result, an integration of the Si/C and S/C composites is proposed to achieve a complete lithiated Si−S cell.     

Combining Imine Condensation Chemistry with [3,3] Diaza-Cope Rearrangement for One-Step Formation of Hydrolytically Stable Chiral Architectures

Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) has, in recent years, provided valuable tools to synthesize molecular architectures of increasing complexity. We have also taken advantage of imine DCC chemistry to prepare TPMA -based supramolecular cages for molecular recognition applications. However, the versatility of this approach has as a major drawback the intrinsic hydrolytic lability of imines, which hampers some applications. We present herein a synthetic strategy that combines the advantages of a thermodynamic-driven formation of a supramolecular structure using imine chemistry, together with the possibility to synthetize chiral hydrolytically stable structures through a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. A preliminary mechanistic analysis of this one-pot synthesis and the scope of the reaction are also discussed.     

β-N-Heterocyclic Cyclobutane Carboximides: Synthesis through a Tandem Base-Catalyzed Amidation/aza-Michael Addition Protocol and Facile Transformations

A stereoselective one-pot double derivatization of cyclobutene-1-carboxylic acid via a mild organic base catalyzed amidation/aza-Michael addition of benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-ones has been developed. This unprecedented tandem reaction provides access to novel β-N-heterocyclic cyclobutane carboximide derivatives with a trans geometry. The carboximide moiety reacts smoothly with nucleophiles, allowing access to diverse derivatives of trans-β-N-heterocyclic cyclobutanecarboxylic acid, including peptidomimetic structures.     

Buckycatcher polymer versus fullerene‐buckycatcher complex: Which is stronger?

The C₆₀H₂₈ buckycatcher (BC) is an excellent host for fullerenes. This receptor features two corannulene pincers which trap C₆₀/C₇₀ via π stacking interactions. Although, the formation of C₆₀@C₆₀H₂₈ complexes is readily observed, the dimerization of C₆₀H₂₈ is not a competitive process, even at high concentrations. By means of first principle calculations, we have studied the thermodynamics of the polymerization of BCs and the formation of fullerene complexes. The results obtained with the M06‐2X, B97‐D, B3LYP‐D3BJ, PBE‐D2, and PBE‐D3 functionals indicated that the interaction energy of (C₆₀H₂₈)₂ is larger than the one computed for C₆₀@C₆₀H₂₈, by 8–10 kcal/mol. Because of the greater number of atoms, and due to the presence of more hydrogens, the inclusion of free energy corrections lowers the energetic separation between (C₆₀H₂₈)₂ and C₆₀@C₆₀H₂₈, even though the dimer maintains its position as being slightly more bound than that of the C₆₀@C₆₀H₂₈. Our calculations indicated that up to the C₆₀H₂₈ trimer could be formed with a free energy change larger than that corresponding to the dimerization and fullerene complexation processes. Finally, we found that the inversion of the corannulene pincers attached to the cyclooctatetraene core is 2–3 kcal/mol lower than that corresponding to free corannulene. We expect that this work can motivate new investigations that may lead to the observation of C₆₀H₂₈ polymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Interphotoreceptor Retinoid‐Binding Protein Protects Retinoids from Photodegradation

Retinol degrades rapidly in light into a variety of photoproducts. It is remarkable that visual cycle retinoids can evade photodegradation as they are exchanged between the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium and Müller glia. Within the interphotoreceptor matrix, all‐trans retinol, 11‐cis retinol and retinal are bound by interphotoreceptor retinoid‐binding protein (IRBP). Apart from its role in retinoid trafficking and targeting, could IRBP have a photoprotective function? HPLC was used to evaluate the ability of IRBP to protect all‐trans and 11‐cis retinols from photodegradation when exposed to incandescent light (0 to 8842 μW cm^?2); time periods of 0–60 min, and bIRBP: retinol molar ratios of 1:1 to 1:5. bIRBP afforded a significant prevention of both all‐trans and 11‐cis retinol to rapid photodegradation. The effect was significant over the entire light intensity range tested, and extended to the bIRBP: retinol ratio 1:5. In view of the continual exposure of the retina to light, and the high oxidative stress in the outer retina, our results suggest IRBP may have an important protective role in the visual cycle by reducing photodegradation of all‐trans and 11‐cis retinols. This role of IRBP is particularly relevant in the high flux conditions of the cone visual cycle.