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1.
2.
A novel approach, a Dense Shell Method, is proposed for measuring distances for cosmology. It is based on original Baade idea to relate absolute difference of photospheric radii with photospheric velocity. We demonstrate that this idea works: the new method does not rely on the Cosmic Distance Ladder and gives satisfactory results for the most luminous Type IIn Supernovae. This allows one to make them good primary distance indicators for cosmology. Fixing correction factors for illustration, we obtain with this method the median distance of ≈ 68−15+19(68%CL) Mpc to SN 2006gy and median Hubble parameter 79−17+23(68%CL) km/(s Mpc). 相似文献
3.
We propose a new optical frequency standard, based on a coherent population trapping resonance. Such standard is a self-mode
locking laser, pulse repetition frequency of which is directly locked to microwave clock-transition—the transition between
the hyperfine ground state components of alkali atom. The unique properties of this standard result in reduction of the light
shift which is the main reason limiting frequency stability of this standard. 相似文献
4.
S. V. Valiulin S. V. Vosel’ V. V. Karasev A. A. Onischuk A. M. Baklanov P. A. Purtov 《Colloid Journal》2014,76(3):271-284
A procedure has been developed for determining the contact angle of a critical nucleus formed on seed particles during the heterogeneous nucleation of a vapor in a flow chamber. The procedure comprises the determination of the fraction of enlarged particles, as well as the selective separation of nanoparticles over sizes to locate the zone of intense nucleation. The concentration and size distribution of aerosol particles have been measured with a diffusion spectrometer of aerosols. Vapor concentration distributions and supersaturation fields have been determined by solving the mass-transfer problem. The calculated supersaturation fields are in good agreement with the location of the intense nucleation zone experimentally found with the help of selective separation. The fractions of enlarged particles have been determined as functions of supersaturation in the chamber. A formula has been derived for calculating the fraction and size distribution function of enlarged particles at known supersaturation and temperature fields and a preset contact angle. The contact angles are selected in a manner such that the calculated fraction of enlarged particles coincides with that measured experimentally. It has been revealed that the contact angle of critical sulfur nuclei formed on tungsten oxide seed particles with average radii 〈R p〉 ≈ 5.8?4.4 nm is in a range of 21.2?20.5°, while, in the case of sodium chloride seed particles with 〈R p〉 ≈ 6.0?4.4 nm, the contact angle is 20.4?17.4°. The size of a critical nucleus has been found to be proportional to calculated average radius of a seed particle 〈R p〉 in both cases. 相似文献
5.
A. V. Samodurov S. V. Vosel’ A. M. Baklanov A. A. Onishchuk V. V. Karasev 《Colloid Journal》2013,75(4):397-408
Homogeneous nucleation of ibuprofen vapor is studied in a nucleation flow chamber, a horizontal quartz tube equipped with an external heater. The area of the chamber where the nucleation proceeds most efficiently is determined, and the volume of this area is estimated. The temperature and supersaturation are determined and the homogeneous nucleation rate is calculated for this area. Saturation vapor pressure over liquid ibuprofen is measured in a temperature range of 353–383 K. Using an exact formula that has recently been derived for the nucleation rate based on the works by Kusaka, Reiss, as well as the Frenkel liquid-kinetics theory, surface tension and the radius of surface of tension of a critical nucleus σ= 25.9 mN/m and R s = 1.6 nm, respectively, are calculated at 318 K. The measurement of the surface tension of an ibuprofen planar surface shows that, at 318 K, σ∞ = 24.38 mN/m; i.e., σ is higher than σ∞ by 6%. A critical nucleus is established as containing nearly 36 ibuprofen molecules. 相似文献
6.
E. V. Baklanov 《Laser Physics》2008,18(1):22-26
The Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory is used to precisely calculate the energy levels of hydrogen-like systems. 相似文献
7.
Far-infrared laser action has been demonstrated in three previously unknown laser media. The substances used were: propargyl fluoride, 15-N cyanogen fluoride, and hydroxylamine. Assignments of the molecular transitions giving rise to the observed laser lines were made for the latter two compounds.New FIR laser lines were also observed with two substances, vinyl chloride and vinyl fluoride, which were already known as laser media by pumping with isotopic CO2 and N2O laser lines.The wavelengths of a total of 26 new FIR laser lines were determined together with the threshold pump power and an indication of the relative line strengths. 相似文献
8.
Changes in the magnetically sensitive properties of multilayer semiconductors devices, such as planar diffusion triacs, that are related to atomic-displacement-induced defects and ionization by irradiation are considered. It is shown that irradiation may significantly raise the magnetic sensitivity of the triacs. Processes and underlying mechanisms responsible for the improvement of the magnetic sensitivity under the action of a number of galvanomagnetic effects are studied. 相似文献
9.
Eslava S Baklanov MR Kirschhock CE Iacopi F Aldea S Maex K Martens JA 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2007,23(26):12811-12816
Ellipsometric porosimetry was used to determine the adsorption isotherms of toluene, methanol, and water on b-oriented Silicalite-1 coatings with a thickness of less than ca. 250 nm and to obtain adsorption kinetics. The adsorption isotherms are of sufficient quality to reveal several aspects of the pore structure such as the adsorbate capacity and the adsorbate/framework affinity. The use of a combination of different molecular probes in ellipsometric porosimetry to elucidate the molecular accessibility of Silicalite-1 pores is demonstrated. It is shown that ellipsometric porosimetry is an appropriate technique for probing the influence of aging of the Silicalite-1 coating and of planarization polishing on the porosity, pore accessibility, and adsorbate/framework affinity. 相似文献
10.
Vidma KV Bogdanchikov GA Baklanov AV Chestakov DA Parker DH 《The Journal of chemical physics》2010,133(19):194306
Van der Waals binding energies for the X-O(2) complexes (X=Xe, CH(3)I, C(3)H(6), C(6)H(12)) are determined by analysis of experimental velocity map imaging data for O((3)P(2)) atoms arising from UV-photodissociation of the complex [A. V. Baklanov et al., J. Chem. Phys. 126, 124316 (2007)]. Several dissociation pathways have been observed, we focus on the channel corresponding to prompt dissociation of X-O(2) into X+2O((3)P) fragments, which is present for complexes of O(2) with all partners X. Our method is based on analysis of the kinetic energy of all three photofragments, where the O atom kinetic energy was directly measured in the experiment and the kinetic energy of the X partner was calculated using momentum conservation, along with the measured angular anisotropy for O atom recoil. We exploit the fact that the clusters are all T-shaped or nearly T-shaped, which we also confirm by ab initio calculations, along with knowledge of the transition dipole governing radiative absorption by the complex. The effect of partitioning the kinetic energy between translation along the X-O(2) and O-O coordinates on the angular anisotropy of the O atom recoil direction is discussed. Van der Waals binding energies of 110±20 cm(-1), 280±20 cm(-1), 135±30 cm(-1), and 585±20 cm(-1) are determined for Xe-O(2), CH(3)I-O(2), C(3)H(6)-O(2), and C(6)H(12)-O(2) clusters, respectively. 相似文献