单分散SiO_2无孔微球比表面积标准物质的研究进展

从单分散二氧化硅(SiO_2)微球的合成方法、粒度表征、定值及其组装体几何比表面积的计算等几个方面对SiO_2比表面积标准物质的合成进行了总结.这种类型比表面积标准物质的合成不仅可以扩展我国比表面积标准物质的种类,而且将有助于加深人们对物质真实比表面积的进一步认识.     

有序介孔氧化铝的制备及其在丁烯歧化中的应用

采用有机铝源及阴离子模板剂制备了高比表面积、大孔容、窄孔径分布的有序介孔氧化铝(Al₂O₃)载体, 研究了铝源水解速率、模板剂碳链长度以及洗涤介质等因素对有序介孔氧化铝载体合成的影响。实验结果表明,提高铝源水解速率和用乙醇溶剂洗涤Al₂O₃前躯体都有利于Al₂O₃载体形成有序介孔结构,所得Al₂O₃载体的孔径和孔体积随着模板剂碳链长度的增加而增大。分别用有序介孔Al₂O₃和普通介孔Al₂O₃为载体,采用浸渍法负载氧化铼(Re₂O₇)制备了铼基催化剂,并用于评价丁烯歧化合成丙烯的反应性能。实验结果表明,铼基有序介孔催化剂(Re/OMA)的丁烯歧化性能显著优于普通铼基介孔催化剂(Re/MA),丁烯转化率高于50%,丙烯选择性约60%,丙烯收率达30%,催化剂寿命明显延长。     

气相色谱法在苯甲酸乙酯合成实验中的应用

苯甲酸乙酯合成实验是有机化学实验的重要内容,传统的判断反应终点的方法是依靠观察反应的水珠挂壁现象和反应时间来确定,只能定性判断,不能定量、准确地描述反应进行的程度。利用气相色谱仪分别采用内标法和外标法对反应进行监测,定量地判断终点,使学生借助现代的科学仪器加深对反应原理的理解。     

吸附剂对柱色谱法分离荧光黄和碱性湖蓝BB效果的影响

吸附剂是影响柱色谱分离效果的重要因素,研究了几种常见的吸附剂如硅胶、碱性氧化铝、中性氧化铝、酸性氧化铝等对柱色谱法分离荧光黄和碱性湖蓝BB分离效果的影响,利用NH3-TPD及N2吸附-脱附分别表征了吸附剂的酸分布及孔分布,采用密度泛函方法计算了荧光黄和碱性湖蓝BB分子的尺寸,并分析了吸附剂酸性、结构与分离效果的关系。实验结果显示硅胶的分离效果好于氧化铝。并且,用硅胶作吸附剂时荧光黄先被洗脱,与氧化铝作吸附剂的洗脱顺序相反。实验过程有利于学生理解吸附剂的作用,加深对柱色谱法的理解,培养严谨、认真的科学态度,提高分析问题解决问题的能力,具有重要意义。     

Self-Assembling of Colloidal Particles Dispersed in Mixture of Ethanol and Water at the Air-Liquid Interface of Colloidal Suspension at Room Temperature

Self-assembling of colloidal particles dispersed in a mixture of ethanol and water at the air-liquid interface of the colloidal suspension at room temperature is investigated, and a method of rapidly assembling colloidal particles is proposed. By this method, a uniform colloidal crystal thin film over ten square centimeters in area can be fabricated in lOmin without special facilities and heating the suspension. SEM images and a normal incidence transmission spectrum of the sample show that the colloidal crystal film fabricated by this method is of high quality. In addition, this method is very suitable for fabricating colloidal crystal heterostructures.     

Fabrication of Colloidal Photonic Crystals with Heterostructure by Spin-Coating Method

Colloidal photonic crystal heterostructures, composed of two opaline photonic crystal films of silica spheres with different diameters, are fabricated by a two-step spin-coating method. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and UV-vis spectrophotometer are used to characterize the heterostructures. The SEM images show good ordering of the two-layer colloidal crystals constituting the heterostructures. The transmission spectra measured from the （111） plane in the heterostructure show that the composite colloidal photonic crystals have double photonic stop bands. Furthermore, when the sizes of the silica spheres used for fabricating the composite photonic crystal are slightly different, the transmission spectrum shows that the composite photonic crystals have more extended bandgap than that of the individual photonic crystals due to partial overlapping of its two photonic stop bands.