高效溶液法制备延迟荧光电致发光器件研究

本文以2-[对-N,N-二苯基氨基-苯基]-S-二氧硫杂蒽酮(TXO-TPA)为发光材料, 4,4',4"-三(9-咔唑基)三苯胺(TCTA) 为主体材料, 通过溶液法与真空蒸镀相结合的工艺,制备了高效延迟荧光型电致发光器件。为了考察不同电子传输材料对器件性能的影响,分别选取TmPyPB、TPBI、BCP、Alq₃作为电子传输层制备器件,并对器件的性能进行系统的研究。结果表明:由于1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯(TPBI)具有合适的HOMO/LUMO能级、高的电子迁移率以及高的三重态能级,利于电子的传输和激子的阻挡,以其为电子传输层的器件显示出最佳的性能,器件的开启电压低至3.6 V,电流效率达到16.2 cd/A,最大的EQE达到5.97%。     

Extraction and verification of coherent structures in near-wall turbulence

According to the characteristics of coherent structures in near-wall turbulence, an accurate extraction and verification method is developed based on wavelet transform (WT) and correlation analysis in this paper. At first, the fluid field of a turbulent boundary layer is measured precisely in a gravitational low-speed water tunnel. On the basis of the distribution of the coherent structures, velocity data of three test points are selected and analyzed, whose dimensionless heights are 20.8, 33.5, and 42.6. According to the frequency range of power spectrum density (PSD), coherent and incoherent structures are both extracted from the original signals using continuous and orthogonal wavelet transforms. To confirm the validity of the extracted signals, the probability density function (PDF) of each extracted signal is calculated. The result demonstrates that the incoherent structures obey the Gaussian distribution, while the coherent structures deviate from the Gaussian distribution. The PDFs of the coherent structures and the original signals are similar, which shows that the coherent structures make most contributions to the turbulence. For further verification, a correlation parameter between coherent and incoherent structures is defined, which evidently proves the validity of the extraction method in this paper.     

压强对钙钛矿薄膜形貌和结晶性影响的研究

采用新型简便的方法控制钙钛矿层薄膜的结晶过程,对优化制备工艺、获得高性能器件至关重要。本文采用调节真空度的方法有效控制钙钛矿层结晶,系统地研究了压强的作用及其对晶体生长、薄膜形成及器件性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)谱图等手段对钙钛矿层的形貌及结晶程度进行了分析表征。在此基础上,制备出器件结构为Glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/Al的钙钛矿太阳能电池,考察了不同压强下的器件性能。结果表明:随压强降低,钙钛矿层结晶程度明显提高,孔洞减少,表面覆盖率提高。同时,器件的短路电流、填充因子以及光电转化效率均随压强降低而提高,器件效率由原来的10.38%提高到12.36%,提高了19%。     

疏水表面减阻环带实验研究

针对疏水功能材料在流动减阻方面的应用, 选取典型不同粗糙度、不同疏水性的功能涂层表面, 通过新型环带实验研究了其阻力特性, 并获得了相应的扭矩和减阻率曲线. 实验采用测量圆盘带动环带旋转时的扭矩的方法间接计算环带表面所受的摩阻, 突破了传统微管道实验在尺度上的限制, 避免了水洞实验中影响因素过多的弊端, 对疏水材料的宏观应用有着重要意义. 实验证实了在宏观尺度下疏水涂层在低雷诺数时的减阻作用; 但在高雷诺数时, 减阻作用减弱, 甚至部分涂层有增阻作用, 而压差阻力的迅速增大是造成增阻的主要原因. 通过对比分析认为: 低雷诺数时, 疏水特性对于减阻效果影响更大; 而高雷诺数时, 粗糙度起更大作用, 甚至可能起到增阻的反效果. 关键词： 疏水表面 环带实验 粗糙度 减阻