南极中国长城站地区西湖沉积物的地球化学行为与环境

本文对取自长城站区西湖水下沉积物260cm岩芯采用中子活化等方法分析得出:湖区周边的新生代火山岩构成了西湖沉积物的主要物源.粘土粒级中元素有明显的化学分异作用.沉积物中Cs/Rb,Br/Cl,La/Yb,CaCO_3及粘粒中阳离子代换量的变化表明3.6ka B.P.以来,气候存在温和—寒冷—温和的变化,反映该区冰盖进退的历史.     

中子活化分析测定不同粒径大气颗粒物中的元素含量

一、前言颗粒物是大气环境中组成复杂、危害较大的污染物之一。颗粒物本身可以是有毒或有害的物质,也可能是其它污染物的运载体或反应林。它的来源很多,地区特性较强,物化特性多变,因此它已成为大气污染研究的重要内容。不同粒径的颗粒物对人体的危害作用是不同的。大于10微米粒径的颗粒主要沉积在鼻腔、咽喉;而小于1微米的颗粒则大部分沉积在支气管和肺泡中。许多有害金属元素绝大部分富集在小于2微米的细颗粒上,对人体和生物的影响较大。因此研究不同粒径颗粒中的元素组分及其与时、空的关系,对大气污染状况的评价和污染源对大气颗粒物贡献率的估算有着重要的实际意义。     

A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON WEATHERING PROCESS IN CASEY STATION, EAST ANTARCTIC

The chief aim of this preliminary work is to investigate the weathering process of the bed rock and moraine in Antarctic by the method of sedimentology. Microfractures, the depth of which is less than 1 cm, and macrofissures are formed through frost weathering process. The chemical composition of the weathering products are observably related to their size due to migration process. Weathering materials are relatively rich in rare-earth elements of Ce family. Weathering clay minerals are mainly illite hydromica which can considerably absorb the elements of Ti, K, Cs, Rb, Sc, Sb, As and Fe. The weathering crust of the bed rock has hardly any CaCO_3 component, it belongs to primigenial debris weathering crust, with only a slight As pollution.     

GEOCHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENTS AND ENVIRONMENT IN XIHU LAKE OF GREAT WALL STATION OF CHINA, ANTARCTICA

The determined results in this paper, which were obtained by the multielement analysis of the 260 cm-deep core sediments under the water of Xihu Lake in the Great Wall Station area, are as follows: The Cenozoic volcanic rocks around Xihu Lake are the main source of sediments in the lake. The chemical differentiation in very fine particles is still detectable. From the variation of ratios of the Cs/Rb, Br/CI and La/Yb in the clay fraction with depth and from the variation or CaCO_3 contained in the sediments, cation replacing amount in the clay grains and the sediment grain sizes in time, it can be seen that since 3600 a. B. P., there has existed the climatic variation of warm-cold-warm, which embodies the advance and retreat history of the ice sheet in this area.     

东南极凯西站地区风化过程的初步研究

本文主要用沉积学方法研究南极地区基岩和冰碛砾石的风化作用。寒冻物理风化作用形成宏观裂缝及微裂纹,后者所达深度在1cm以内。不同粒级风化物的化学元素有明显的分异现象。风化物为富铈族稀土的选择配分型。风化粘土矿物以伊利水云母为主,对Ti,K,Cs,Rb,Sc,Sb,As,Fe有较强的吸附作用。基岩风化壳中完全不合碳酸钙,属最原始的碎屑型风化壳、有轻微的砷元素污染现象。