Controllable synthesis of fullerene nano/microcrystals and their structural transformation induced by high pressure

Fullerene molecules are interesting materials because of their unique structures and properties in mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical aspects. Current research is focusing on the construction of well-defined fullerene nano/microcrystals that possess desirable structures and morphologies. Further tuning the intermolecular interaction of the fullerene nano/microcrystals by use of pressure is an efficient way to modify their structures and properties, such as creation of nanoscale polymer structures and new hybrid materials, which expands the potential of such nanoscale materials for di- rect device components. In this paper, we review our recent progress in the construction of fullerene nanostructures and their structural transformation induced by high pressure. Fullerene nano/microcrystals with controllable size, morphology and structure have been synthesized through the self-assembly of fullerene molecules by a solvent-assisted method. By virtue of high pressure, the structures, components, and intermolecular interactions of the assemblied fullerene nano/microcrystals can be finely tuned, thereby modifying the optical and electronic properties of the nanostructures. Several examples on high pressure induced novel structural phase transition in typical fullerene nanocrystals with C60 or C70 cage serving as build- ing blocks are presented, including high pressure induced amorphization of the nanocrystals and their bulk moduli, high pressure and high temperature （HPHT） induced polymerization in C60 nanocrystals, pressure tuned reversible polymeriza- tion in ferrocene-doped C60/C70 single crystal, as well as unique long-range ordered crystal with amorphous nanoclusters serving as building blocks in solvated C60 crystals, which brings new physical insight into the understanding of order and disorder concept and new approaches to the design of superhard carbon materials. The nanosize and morphology effects on the transformations of fullerene nanocrystals have also been discussed. These results provide the foundation for the fabrication of pre-designed and controllable geometries, which is critical in fullerenes and relevant materials for designing nanometer-scale electronic, optical, and other devices.     

近代物理实验的工程内涵教学探索实践

在近代物理实验授课过程中以“项目”形式开展新工科理念及工程内涵下的教学方法探索实践,实践表明课程教学效果有较大提高,学生的主动探索、创新意识、工程意识、团结协作等能力得到锻炼.通过结合实验内容,开展教学实践探索,为实验课程开展新工科及工程内涵下的教学方法探索提供借鉴,提高专业人才培养水平.     

氢化石墨纳米结构的合成及尺寸相关的荧光性质

在溶剂热反应条件下(180℃),利用还原剂金属钾对卤代苯(溴苯和二溴苯)中的C—Br键进行选择性裂解,而含氢的碳六元环仍稳定且之间可以发生聚合成键,成功合成了2种不同的氢化石墨纳米结构,获得的产物分别呈黄褐色和黑色.拉曼和红外光谱分析结果表明,黑色产物为尺寸约2 nm的氢化石墨纳米片,而黄褐色样品为尺寸更小的氢化碳纳米结构;X射线衍射分析结果表明,2种产物都具有菱方结构但结晶性较低.对合成的氢化石墨纳米结构的荧光性质分析发现,样品具有尺寸相关的荧光现象,同等激发条件下,尺寸较小的黄褐色样品的发光强度约为黑色样品的15倍.     

水溶性C_(60)纳米颗粒的超声辅助制备及发光性质研究

采用改进的超声方法制备水溶性C60纳米颗粒(C60NPs),研究了超声水浴温度对C60NPs尺寸和分散性的影响及C60NPs的发光特性.结果表明,随着超声水浴温度的升高,C60NPs颗粒尺寸减小,且分散性明显改善.热重分析(TGA)和红外光谱(IR)的测试结果表明,水和溶剂占C60NPs总质量的57%.经过200℃加热处理后,C60NPs尺寸明显缩减,得到了无溶剂残留的水溶性C60量子点.发光测试结果表明,不含溶剂和水的C60量子点发光明显增强,比C60NPs的发光增强1个数量级.