A Novel Energetic Ionic Salt: Hydroxylammonium Potassium 3,3’-Dinitro-5,5’-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1’-diolate Dihydrate

A novel energetic ionic salt,hydroxylammonium potassium 3,3?-dinitro-5,5?-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1?-diolate dihydrate[(NH3OH)2K(DNOBT)1.5?2H2O],was synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectra,13C NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.(NH3OH)2K(DNOBT)1.5?2H2O crystallizes in triclinic system,space group P with a=7.9212(6),b=9.1924(7),c=14.2549(15)?,a=103.917(2)°,β=99.736(2)°,g=104.8110(10)°,V=944.16(14)?^3,Z=2,Dc=1.855 g/cm^3,F(000)=538,μ=0.386 mm^-1,S=1.070,the final R=0.0525 and wR(I>2s(I))=0.1593.Thermal decomposition of(NH3OH)2K(DNOBT)1.5?2H2O and its intermediate potassium 1?-hydroxy-3,3?-dinitro-5,5?-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1-olate monohydrate[K(HDNOBT)?H2O]was studied by using DSC and TG-DTG.It was found that(NH3OH)2K(DNOBT)1.5?2H2O,which has primarily one exothermic decomposition process at 248.2℃,has better thermal stability than K(HDNOBT)?H2O which is decomposed at 210.9℃.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Thermal Decomposition of a New Energetic Potassium Salt of Bis（dinitromethyl）difurazanyl Ether

A new energetic organic potassium salt bis(dinitromethyl)difurazanyl ether potassium salt [K2(BDFE)] was synthesized, and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, 13 C NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. K2(BDFE) crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 17.342(3), b = 12.6943(17), c = 8.0972(11), β = 110.630(2)°, V = 1668.3(4)3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.000 g/cm3, F(000) = 1000, μ = 0.675 mm-1, S = 1.058, the final R = 0.0499 and wR = 0.1452. The K ion is eight-coordinated with eight O atoms from one water molecule and four bis(dinitromethyl)difurazanyl ethers(BDFE), forming a distorted dodecahedral structure. Thermal decomposition of the title complex was studied by using DSC and TG-DTG. There are primarily two exothermic decomposition processes between 200 and 370 ℃.     

7H-三呋咱并[3,4-b:3',4'-f:3'',4''-d]氮杂环庚三烯及衍生物的合成与表征

以3,4-双(3'-氨基呋咱-4'-基)呋咱(BATF)为原料,经Caro’s acid氧化制备了3,4-双(3'-硝基呋咱-4'-基)呋咱(BNTF),收率为93%;基于BNTF分子中的NO2反应性,与水合肼、氨水等发生亲核取代、环化反应,合成了含能化合物7H-三呋咱并[3,4-b:3',4'-f:3',4'-d]氮杂环庚三烯(HTFAZ)和7-氨基-三呋咱并[3,4-b:3',4'-f:3',4'-d]氮杂环庚三烯(ATFAZ).在硝酸-醋酐体系中氧化HTFAZ得到新化合物7,7'-二(呋咱[3,4-b:3,4'-d:3',4'-f]氮杂环庚三烯)(BTFZ),采用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析和质谱等进行了结构表征.培养了HTFAZ单晶,X射线单晶衍射分析表明:HTFAZ晶体结构属单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/n,a=0.7252(15)nm,b=0.6458(14)nm,c=1.6814(4)nm,V=0.7781(3)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.871 g·cm-3,F(000)=440,R1=0.0353,w R2=0.0895.开展了HTFAZ,ATFAZ和BTFZ的物化、爆轰性能和热性能研究,其中HTFAZ密度1.871 g·cm―3、生成焓733.7kJ·mol-1、熔点193.1℃、分解点345.1℃、爆速8416.5 m·s-1、爆压为32.9GPa;ATFAZ密度1.788 g·cm-3、生成焓831.2kJ·mol-1、熔点204~207℃、分解点323.7℃、爆速8300 m·s-1、爆压为30 GPa;BTFZ密度1.862 g·cm-3、生成焓1752.4kJ·mol-1、分解点280.2℃、爆速7924.5 m·s-1、爆压为28.42 GPa.     

呋咱并[3,4-e]-4,6-二氧化-1,2,3,4-四嗪新法合成与表征

自行设计了呋咱并[3,4-e]-1,2,3,4-四嗪-4,6-二氧化(FTDO)新的合成路线,采用3,4-二氨基呋咱(DAF)为起始原料,经过氧化﹑缩合﹑硝化﹑成环4步反应合成了FTDO,总收率为30.89%,并采用核磁共振光谱﹑红外光谱﹑质谱及元素分析等进行了结构表征.探讨了成环反应的机理,并研究了硝化及成环反应条件,确定硝化反应的最佳条件为:硝化试剂为100%HNO3,25℃下反应2 h,收率为99.54%;成环反应的最佳条件为:55℃下反应5 h,n(化合物4)∶n(P2O5)为1∶16,溶剂量为160 mL/g,收率为46.37%.     

Mg_2Ni_(1-x)Co_x合金相的固溶烧结法制备及结构和储氢性能

采用固溶烧结法制备了Mg_2Ni_(1-x)Co_x(x=0.10,0.15,0.20)合金,利用X射线衍射仪和压力-组成-温度测试仪等研究了Co含量对合金相结构和储氢性能的影响.结果表明,合金由Mg_2Ni型Mg_2(Ni,Co)主相及少量Mg和Mg Ni3Co新相组成.Mg2(Ni,Co)具有良好的可逆储氢性能,吸氢形成Mg_2Ni_(0.9)Co_(0.1)H_4型四元氢化物,其具有与父系氢化物HT-Mg_2NiH_4相近的放氢焓变(ΔHd=63.9 k J/mol H2).Mg_2Ni_(1-x)Co_x(x=0.10,0.15,0.20)合金具有良好的放氢动力学性能,二维相界面迁移为放氢过程的控制步骤.随着Co含量的增加,合金的放氢活化能(Ea)降低,其中,Mg_2Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.2)的Ea降低到54.0 k J/mol.