Progress in improving thermodynamics and kinetics of new hydrogen storage materials

Hydrogen storage material has been much developed recently because of its potential for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications. A successful solid-state reversible storage material should meet the requirements of high storage capacity, suitable thermodynamic properties, and fast adsorption and desorption kinetics. Complex hydrides, including boron hydride and alanate, ammonia borane, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), are remarkable hydrogen storage materials because of their advantages of high energy density and safety. This feature article focuses mainly on the thermodynamics and kinetics of these hydrogen storage materials in the past few years.     

TiF3对LiAlH4放氢性能的影响

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和热重(TG)等测试方法, 对掺杂TiF₃前后和不同TiF₃掺杂量LiAlH₄的放氢性能进行了研究. 结果发现, 在TiF₃存在下, LiAlH₄在球磨过程中有少量分解. TiF₃对LiAlH₄放氢具有明显的催化作用. 随着掺杂量的增加, LiAlH₄的起始放氢温度降低, 但放氢量会明显减少. 掺杂2%(摩尔分数)TiF₃的LiAlH₄从80 ℃开始放氢, 比未处理的LiAlH₄的起始放氢温度降低了70 ℃, 放氢量高达6.6%(质量分数).     

新型储氢材料及其热力学与动力学问题

氢能作为一种理想的二次能源受到了国内外科研工作者的广泛关注,研制可以在室温和较低压力下方便、安全、高效地储存氢能的材料是氢能发展的瓶颈.到目前为止,固态储氢材料以能量密度高及安全性好等优势被认为极具应用前景,其中以轻质元素构成的氢化物(包括硼氢化物/铝氢化物(可用通式A(MH4)n表示,其中A是碱金属(Li,Na,K)或碱土金属(Be,Mg,Ca);M是硼或铝;n=1～4)、氨基氢化物(如LiNH2等))、氨硼烷(NH3BH3)、金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)是新型储氢材料研究领域的热点,本文将着重就目前这几类储氢材料的研究当中所涉及到的一些热力学及动力学问题进行总结探讨.