微波加热制备含稀土(La2O3)矿渣微晶玻璃研究

利用矿渣制备微晶玻璃是提高矿产资源利用率的主要形式之一。本文以白云鄂博尾矿为原料,采用微波一步法制备了CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂(CMAS)系辉石相矿渣微晶玻璃。选择835 ℃作为晶化温度,研究了微波加热对微晶玻璃析晶行为和微观组织的影响。以La₂O₃作为研究变量探讨了La₂O₃添加对矿渣微晶玻璃析晶行为的作用。与传统的热处理制度相比,微波加热可以在较短的时间内达到较高的析晶效果。同时La₂O₃的添加促进了晶粒细化。由拉曼光谱分析,La离子添加会导致玻璃网络中桥氧的增多,促进了辉石相析晶。在La的添加量为4%(质量分数)时硬度最高,达到了829.22 MPa。     

三种二元水溶液体系中氢键对拉曼线宽的影响

采用显微共聚焦拉曼光谱对三种二元水溶液(乙腈/水、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)/水和丙酮/水)进行测量,得到含有氢键作用的水溶液体系拉曼频移和线宽随浓度的变化规律。应用混合模型和相互作用体系的线宽经验公式对实验结果进行了分析。结果表明,含有氢键作用的水溶液体系中,氢键作用越强线宽越大,并且线宽随单位浓度变化率大;同种氢键体系中,线宽不仅受浓度浮动的影响,氢键作用也是一个重要的影响因素,定量分析证明线宽与浓度、氢键作用关系很好地符合Ojha等提出的线宽公式。     

Investigation of hydrogen bonding in neat dimethyl sulfoxide and binary mixture (dimethyl sulfoxide + water) by concentration-dependent Raman study and ab initio calculation

In this study,our vibrational spectroscopic analysis is made on hydrogen-bonding between dimethyl sulfoxide and water comprises both experimental Raman spectra and ab initio calculations on structures of various dimethyl sulfoxide/water clusters with increasing water content.The Raman peak position of the v(S=O) stretching mode of dimethyl sulfoxide serves as a probe for monitoring the degree of hydrogen-bonding between dimethyl sulfoxide and water.In addition,the two vibrational modes,namely,the CH 3 symmetric stretching mode and the CH 3 asymmetric stretching mode have been analysed under different concentrations.We relate the computational results to the experimental vibrational wavenumber trends that are observed in our concentration-dependent Raman study.The combination of experimental Raman data with ab initio calculation leads to a better knowledge of the nature of the hydrogen bonding and the structures of the hydrogen-bonded complexes studied.     

Effects of the structural order of canthaxanthin on the Raman scattering cross section in various solvents: A study by Raman spectroscopy and ab initio calculation

In this work,we measure the Raman scattering cross sections(RSCSs) of the carbon-carbon(CC) stretching vibrational modes of canthaxanthin in benzene,acetone,n-heptane,cyclohexane,and m-xylene.It is found that the absolute RSCS of CC stretching mode of canthaxanthin reaches a value of 10 24 cm 2 ·molecule 1 ·sr 1 at 8×10 5 M,which is 6 orders of magnitude larger than general RSCS(10 30 cm 2 ·molecule 1 ·sr 1),and the RSCSs of canthaxanthin in various solvents are very different due to the hydrogen bond.A theoretical interpretation of the magnetic experimental results is given,which is introduced in a qualitative nonlinear model of coherent weakly damped electron-lattice vibration in the structural order of polyene chains.In addition,the optimal structure and the bond length alternation(BLA) parameter of canthaxanthin are calculated using quantum chemistry calculation(at the b3lyp/6-31g(d,p) level of theory).The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.Furthermore,the combination of Raman spectroscopy and the quantum chemistry calculation study would be a quite suitable method of studying the structures and the properties of the π-conjugated systems.     

基于微波加热对纯水氢键结构的拉曼光谱研究

微波非热效应是指除了热效应以外的其他效应,如电效应和磁效应。微波化学在有机合成中起着重要的作用,其是否存在微波非热效应一直存在争议。通过对纯水在两种不同加热方法(油浴和微波)下的拉曼光谱分析,来验证微波非热效应的存在。发现,微波电场对纯水中氢键的破坏要比传统加热更加的强烈。通过分析纯水中各种氢键结构的变化,总结出微波电场对纯水的作用机理,以及微波非热效应对纯水结构的影响。     

棱柱形径向剖分式超高压模具应力分析与实验研究

为了获得更高的承压能力和更大的样品腔容积,在传统年轮式超高压模具的基础上,提出了一种新型棱柱形腔体剖分式超高压模具。其特点在于内部的硬质合金压缸是离散组合式的,且腔体内部的面为平面,可有效减小周向拉应力。压缸剖分块在预紧力的作用下相互挤压,提供了大质量支撑和侧向支撑效果。对剖分成6块的棱柱形腔体剖分式压缸的剖分角度进行了研究,仿真结果表明,剖分角度越大,压缸受力越小。棱柱形腔体剖分式压缸在径向、周向和轴向均承受压应力,其应力条件接近于静水压力状态,可有效提高装置的使用寿命。对压缸的应力分布情况进行进一步分析,发现棱柱形径向剖分式压缸在各方面的表现均最优。经实验验证,相较于年轮式压缸,剖分式压缸具有更高的极限承压能力,并且棱柱形径向剖分式压缸的承压能力大于切向剖分式压缸。     

低温下冰的拉曼光谱研究

采用变温装置,在-30℃至-190℃温度范围内我们对冰行进了原位低温拉曼光谱测量.并利用光谱分析软件对冰的拉曼光谱带行进了分析,得到O-H键振动的三个拉曼峰随温度的变化规律.应用氢键理论对实验结果进行了分析,结果表明O-H键的ν3(E g)反对称伸缩振动和ν1(B 1g)不同向对称伸缩振动受氢键影响较大,并且ν3(E g)的拉曼峰位与温度成很好的线性关系有潜在的应用价值.     

Investigation of inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in the binary mixture (acetone + water) by concentration dependent Raman study and ab initio calculations

This paper reports that vibrational spectroscopic analysis on hydrogen-bonding between acetone and water comprises both experimental Raman spectra and ab initio calculations on structures of various acetone/water complexes with changing water concentrations. The optimised geometries and wavenumbers of the neat acetone molecule and its complexes are calculated by using ab initio method at the MP2 level with 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. Changes in wavenumber position and linewidth (fullwidth at half maximum) have been explained for neat as well as binary mixtures with different mole fractions of the reference system, acetone, in terms of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The combination of experimental Raman data with ab initio calculation leads to a better knowledge of the concentration dependent changes in the spectral features in terms of hydrogen bonding.     

二甲基亚砜水溶液表面张力及粘度与氢键的拉曼光谱研究

利用ZL-10型全自动界面张力仪(柏金环法)和NDJ-5S型数显粘度计测量体积分数为5%～100%的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)水溶液及超纯水,得到表面张力和粘度的变化规律。用拉曼光谱仪测量不同浓度DMSO水溶液的拉曼光谱,得到体系中含氢键作用的拉曼频移变化规律。实验结果表明,DMSO水溶液的表面张力随浓度的变化受DMSO水溶液中氢键作用的影响,且与氢键强度成反相关。DMSO与水的氢键作用对粘度的影响较表面张力更为复杂,粘度随浓度的变化呈二次函数的反常现象,影响因素包含氢键强度,氢键网络结构和空间方向性多个方面。该研究探索一种利用拉曼光谱研究水溶液微观结构与宏观物理性质关系的实验方法。     

高压对β-胡萝卜素分子结构及π-电子离域影响的拉曼光谱研究

利用金刚石对顶砧在常压至12.85 GPa条件下对β-胡萝卜素进行了原位高压拉曼光谱测量,讨论了β-胡萝卜素分子特征峰频率随压力的变化规律及其π-电子离域受压力的影响。实验结果表明,β-胡萝卜素的各特征峰均向高波数移动,其主要的三个特征峰的拉曼频率与压力的关系为：ν₁(CC)=4.74P+1 511.4, ν₂(C—C)=2.55P+1 157.6和ν₃(CH₃)=2.25P+1 011.3,β-胡萝卜素的ν₁+ν₂和频峰在5.38 GPa的压力条件下发生劈裂。对实验结果进一步分析发现随压力增大β-胡萝卜素分子的β环扭转变化使其π-电子离域程度变弱, 导致β-胡萝卜素分子主链上的碳碳双键比碳碳单键更容易压缩。