Spin gapless semiconductor like Ti2MnAl film as a new candidate for spintronics application

A novel Heusler ferrimagnet Ti₂MnAl film has been grown on Si(001) substrate using magnetron sputtering. Characteristics of its magnetic and transport properties reveal the spin‐gapless‐semiconductor (SGS) nature of the stoichiometric Ti₂MnAl, in agreement with theoretical prediction. The as‐grown SGS‐like Ti₂MnAl film demonstrated high Curie temperature, nearly compensated ferrimagnetic properties with small coercivity and low magnetization. It also showed semiconductor‐like behavior at room temperature allowing good compatibility with commercial Si‐based semiconductor. In this regards, Ti₂MnAl film is a potential candidate material for spintronics application, especially for the minimization of energy consumption of device. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

循环加载作用下皮肤应力软化的连续介质模型

皮肤组织作为富含纤维的非均匀材料,具有复杂的力学特性．皮肤组织在循环加载作用下,随着循环次数的增加,加载过程的应力响应逐渐降低,并最终达到不随循环次数增加而改变的稳定状态,这种现象被称为应力软化行为．本文对加载过程中纤维的延展机制对宏观力学响应的影响进行研究,认为在外界载荷较小时该机制主导了宏观层次上的应力软化行为,随着外界载荷的增大,拉伸过程中微观结构损伤的演化开始产生影响,而且此时内部微观结构的演化由两种机制共同影响,据此建立了连续介质模型,将宏观尺度上应力软化行为和微观结构的演化相关联．将所获得的应力响应理论结果与猪离体头部皮肤在循环加载作用下的实验结果进行对比分析,证明了该模型能够合理地描述皮肤组织在循环加载作用下的应力软化行为．     

用线偏振光产生椭圆（或圆）偏振光的另两种方法

给出用线偏振光产生椭圆（或圆）偏振光的另两种方法.     

谈谈熵的概念

 一、“熵”字的来源 二、“熵”概念的来源 三、“熵”所遵循的规律 四、“熵”与热力学第二定律的关系 五、“熵”与微观状态数的关系 六、熵的应用     

Effect of silicate modulus of water glass on the hydration of alkali-activated converter steel slag

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Converter steel slag, currently underutilized crystalline metallurgical residue, was investigated for use as a precursor for alkali activation. Water...     

Multi-scale Fractured Coal Gas–Solid Coupling Model and Its Applications in Engineering Projects

With coal mining entering the geological environment of “high stress, rich gas, strong adsorption and low permeability,” the difficulty of joint coal and gas extraction clearly augments, the risk of solid–gas coupling dynamic disasters greatly increases, and the underlying mechanisms become more complex. In this paper, based on the characteristics of coal’s multi-scale structure and spatiotemporal variation, the multi-scale fractured coal gas–solid coupling model (MSFM) was built. In this model, the interaction between coal matrix and its fractures and the mechanical characteristics of gas-bearing coal were considered, as well as their coupling relationship. By MATLAB software, the stress–damage–seepage numerical computation programs were developed, which were applied into Comsol Multiphysics to simulate gas flow caused by coal mining. The simulation results showed the spatial variability of coal elastic modulus and cross-flow behaviors of coal seam gas, which were superior to the results of traditional gas–solid coupling model. And the numerical results obtained from MSFM were closer to the measured results in field, while the computation results of traditional model were slightly higher than the measured results. Furthermore, the MSFM in a large scale was verified by field engineering project.     

pH-Dependent Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Properties of Three Low-Dimensional Iodoargentate Hybrids

By simply changing pH value of reaction solution, three low-dimensional iodoargentate hybrids, [HDABCO]₂[(DABCO)₂(Ag₂I₄)] (1), [HDABCO]_0.5[(HDABCO)_0.5(AgI₂)] (2) and [(Me₂NH₂)(H₂DABCO)][AgI₄] (3) (DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane), have been synthesized. Noteworthy, variation in protonated degree and aggregating forms of DABCO at different pH value, the structure of inorganic moieties vary regularly from 0D [(DABCO)₂(Ag₂I₄)]^2? anion for 1 to 1D [(HDABCO)_0.5(AgI₂)]^0.5? chain for 2 and 0D [AgI₄]^3? anion for 3, exhibiting unique structural directing effects. In addition, three compounds display structure-dependent semiconductor natures and thermal stabilities.     

(1)H and (13)C NMR signal assignments of paecilin A and B, two new chromone derivatives from mangrove endophytic fungus Paecilomyces sp. (tree 1-7)

Two new natural products, named paecilin A (1) and B (2), together with two known compounds secalonic acid D (3) and (11)-cytochalasa-6(12),13-diene-1,21-dione-16,18-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-10-phenyl-(7S*,13E,16S*,18S*) (4), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus, Paecilomyces sp. (tree 1-7) from the South China Sea. 1D and 2D NMR experiments including COSY, HMQC, and HMBC were used for the determination of their structures. In our cytotoxicity assays, secalonic D (3) showed cytotoxicity toward KB cells with IC(50) < 1 microg ml(-1) and inhibiting human topoisomerase I with IC(50) at 0.16 micromol ml(-1). 1, 2, and 4 showed no activity to KB cells.     

Ultrathin,Porous and Oxygen Vacancies‐Enriched Ag/WO3−x Heterostructures for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Exploring advanced electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution is highly desired but remains a challenge due to the lack of an efficient preparation method and reasonable structural design. Herein, we deliberately designed novel Ag/WO_3?x heterostructures through a supercritical CO₂‐assisted exfoliation‐oxidation route and the subsequent loading of Ag nanoparticles. The ultrathin and oxygen vacancies‐enriched WO_3?x nanosheets are ideal substrates for loading Ag nanoparticles, which can largely increase the active site density and improve electron transport. Besides, the resultant WO_3?x nanosheets with porous structure can form during the electrochemical cycling process induced by an electric field. As a result, the exquisite Ag/WO_3?x heterostructures show an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with a low onset overpotential of ≈30 mV, a small Tafel slope of ≈40 mV dec^?1 at 10 mA cm^?2, and as well as long‐term durability. This work sheds light on material design and preparation, and even opens up an avenue for the development of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts.     

新型二维纳米材料在电化学领域的应用与发展

以石墨烯为代表的新型二维纳米材料具有独特的结构和优异的电子特性,在电化学各领域具有巨大的应用潜力。 本综述总结了新型二维纳米材料在电化学各领域(能源存储、能源转化和电化学传感)的研究现状和存在的问题。 展望了二维纳米材料在电化学领域的发展趋势。