Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程晶粒长大行为的研究

定量描述了Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程晶粒长大行为，分析了烧结温度、烧结时间、合金粉末粒度及其分布对烧结过程晶粒长大的影响，讨论了烧结过程晶粒长大机制。在Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程开始之后的0—1h时间区段，晶粒长大迅速；随着烧结时间的延长，晶粒长大速度减小。合金粉末平均粒度增大，或者合金粉末粒度分布范围增宽，显著促进Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程中晶粒的长大。在Nd-Fe-B磁体的烧结过程中，存在两类晶粒长大机制，即Nd2Fe14B颗粒的溶解与析出、Nd2Fe14B颗粒的并合与长大。Nd2Fe14B颗粒的并合与长大不仅使磁体的平均晶粒尺寸增大，也使晶粒尺寸分布范围增宽，是烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体显微组织中出现异常大晶粒的根本原因。     

Oscillatory diffuse X-ray scattering from lead chalcogenides

New inorganic compounds having the general formula (Bi₂O₃)_1−x (Lu₂O₃) _x (x ranges from 0.1 to 0.5) displaying orange colours have been synthesized by traditional solid-state route, as viable alternatives to lead, cadmium and chromium based yellow toxic inorganic pigments. The host lattice of these pigments is Bi₂O₃ that is doped by Lu³⁺ ions. The goal was to develop conditions for the synthesis of these compounds and to determine the influence of calcination temperature and lutetium content on their colouring effects. The simultaneous TG-DTA measurements were used for determination of the temperature region of the pigment formation and thermal stability of pigments. The pigments were also evaluated from the standpoint of their structure and particle sizes.     

基于Rietveld精修方法解析Bi2O3的原子热振动

三氧化二铋(Bi₂O₃)是氧离子导电体,为了获得它的原子热振动各向同性温度因子,对该粉末晶体进行X射线衍射实验,建立了晶体结构模型,利用Rietveld 精修方法的RIETAN-2000 程序对所得实验结果进行了晶体结构精修,通过最大熵方法(MEM)解析得到了粉末晶体的等高电子密度分布三维(3D) 和二维(2D)可视化图谱。结果表明,各原子Bi₍₁₎、Bi₍₂₎、O₍₁₎、O₍₂₎和O₍₃₎的原子热振动各向同性温度因子分别为0.004 938 nm²、0.004 174 nm²、0.007 344 nm²、0.007 462 nm²、和0.007 857 nm²,等高电子密度分布的可视化,进一步验证了晶体结构模型和原子位置的准确性,这些参数对研究晶体材料的热性质具有一定参考意义。     

STUDIES ON POLYSILOXANE-POLYSTYRENE COMPOSITE LATEXES

Polysiloxane-polystyrene composite latexes were prepared by two-stage emulsionpolymerization. Polymerization of styrene in swollen polysiloxane latex particles were studied.Formation of simple polystyrene particle in the 2nd-stage polymerization depends on the particlesize of the lst-stage latex and the polymerization temperature. Polystyrene domains in thevulcanizates reinforce the silicone rubbers effectively.     

基于音色单元分布的音乐结构分析

音乐的结构是音乐作品表达作者思想的一种重要形式,也是听众理解音乐作品内涵的有效途径。本文研究了基于音乐特征的音色单元建模方法,研究了在Fisher准则下,根据局部范围音色单元的分布,采用非监督聚类方法分析音乐的结构。实验结果证明了基于离散余弦变换的音色特征,用音色单元分布聚类算法进行音乐结构分析的有效性。      

Oscillatory diffuse scattering study by time-of-flight neutron scattering

The oscillatory profile of diffuse scattering of ordered crystal PbF₂ is observed by time-of-flight (TOF) neutron scattering measurement. The theoretical expression of diffuse scattering intensity including the correlation effects among the thermal displacements of atoms is used to analyze the diffuse scattering profile of PbF₂. The theoretical expression is effective for the analysis of the diffuse scattering data by the TOF measurement.     

汽车微弱振动信号的混沌振子识别

混沌振子对微弱信号的检测在实际应用中具有重要价值。论文介绍了微弱信号检测的混沌振子理论，提出了混沌振子的幅频联调自适应方法，用以识别微弱信号，并给出了幅频联调自适应方法的具体步骤．对淹没在强噪声中微弱周期信号混沌检测进行了仿真分析。针对汽车在运行中飞轮壳出现裂纹的问题，用混沌振子进行了实际微弱振动信号识别。与相关的其它研究进行对比，确定所识别出的单周期微弱振动信号，说明了该裂纹的出现，该项研究可应用于汽车各个部件的隐蔽性故障分析。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物尿液中的15种β-受体激动剂

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测动物尿液中克仑特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇、西马特罗、马布特罗、妥布特罗、班布特罗、马贲特罗、塞布特罗、齐帕特罗、福莫特罗、氯丙那林、特布他林、喷布特罗和溴布特罗等15种β-受体激动剂的分析方法。样品用高氯酸溶液酸解及沉淀蛋白质,经HLB固相萃取小柱净化、富集后,以甲醇和0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定性和定量分析。15种β-受体激动剂在0.25～20 μg/L的范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9995)。在0.25、1.0、10 μg/L添加水平下的回收率为62.1%～107%,相对标准偏差(n=10)为3.5%～9.9%,定量限(以信噪比＞10计)为0.25 μg/L。该方法精密度好,灵敏度高,能简便、快速、准确地测定动物尿液中的15种β-受体激动剂。     

Correlation effects among thermal displacements of atoms in VSe by diffuse neutron scattering measurement

Neutron diffraction measurements have been performed on powder VSe at 294 K. The diffuse scattering theory including correlation effects among thermal displacements of atoms is applied to background function in the Rietveld analysis. The oscillatory scheme of the diffuse scattering intensity from hexagonal VSe is explained by the correlation effects among far-neighboring Se–Se atoms. The values of the correlation effects depend on the inter-atomic distance and not on the crystal structure. The relation between correlation effects and force constants is discussed.     

Synthesis and characterization of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyurethanes from 4,4′‐bis(6‐hydroxyhexoxy) biphenyl and aliphatic diols

A series of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyurethanes (LCPUs) were synthesized by the polyaddition reactions of 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (2,4‐TDI) with 4,4′‐bis(6‐hydroxyhexoxy)biphenyl (BHHBP) and aliphatic diol. The intrinsic viscosities of the polymers were measured by Ubbelohde viscometer, and the chemical structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The LCPUs were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The intrinsic viscosities were 0.56–0.83 dl/g. According to the melting point (T_m) and the isotropic temperature (T_i) of the LCPUs, the temperature range of the liquid crystalline phase became wider with increased number of methylene spacers in the polyurethane. The LCPUs exhibited a nematic phase with a threaded texture and had a wide mesophase temperature range. The decomposition temperature of the LCPUs was >300°C. On WAXD, the LCPUs give a dispersing peak at 2θ ≈ 20°, and a strong diffraction peak at 2θ ≈ 25°. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.