Host–guest inter­action in a thio­urea–dimethyl oxalate (2/1) complex at 300 and 100 K

The title complex, 2CH₄N₂S·C₄H₆O₄, is a host–guest system. The asymmetric unit consists of one complete thio­urea mol­ecule and one‐half of a dimethyl oxalate mol­ecule lying on an inversion centre. The host thio­urea mol­ecules are connected to form zigzag chains by N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds. The guest dimethyl oxalate mol­ecules provide O‐atom acceptors for N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, thus inter­connecting the chains of thio­urea mol­ecules to form completely connected sheets. The reduction in temperature from 300 to 100 K leaves the structure unchanged and still isostructural with that previously determined for the analogous thio­urea–diethyl oxalate (2/1) complex. It does, however, induce closer packing of the mol­ecules, general shrinkage of the unit cell and shortening of the hydrogen bonds, these last two to the extent of 1–2%.     

Zur Theorie der Liniencomplexe des ersten und zweiten Grades

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Optimal mappings with minimum number of connected components in tree-to-tree comparison problems

In this paper we consider the problem of finding a minimum cost mapping between two unordered trees which induces a graph with a minimum number of connected components. The proposed algorithm is based on the generalization of an algorithm for computing an edit distance between trees, and it solves the stated problem in sequential time precisely in O(|T₁|×|T₂|×(degT₁+degT₂)×log₂(degT₁+degT₂)).     

Eine Uebertragung des Pascal'schen Satzes auf Raumgeometrie

Ohne ZusammenfassungAus den Sitzungsberichten der physikalisch-medicinischen Societät zu Erlangen vom 10. November 1873Es ist dies diejenige Arbeit, auf welche Hr. Wedekind bei seiner Definition des complexen Doppelverhältnisses von vier Punkten der Kugel Bezug nimmt, Bd. 9 dieser Annalen, pag. 209 ff. [Febr. 1883].     

Existence of Pulsating Roll-Waves for the Saint Venant System

The phenomenon of roll-waves occurs when shallow water flows down open inclined channels. This flow is described by the Saint Venant’s equations with a friction term due to Chezy. In the case of a flat bottom, their existence (as entropic and periodic travelling waves) follows from a classical work due to DRESSLER [6]. The aim of this paper is to prove the existence of roll-waves when the bottom is modulated by a small periodic perturbation. Following JIN and KATSOULAKIS [15], we first compute a Burgers-type equation which possesses “pulsating” roll-waves (the wave speed oscillates around an average velocity). We prove, in a mathematically rigorous fashion, the existence of these solutions.     

Sound velocity in alumino-silicate liquids determined up to 2550 K from Brillouin spectroscopy: glass transition and crossover temperatures

Hypersonic longitudinal sound velocities in five silicate and alumino-silicate liquids have been measured between 293 and 2550 K by Brillouin spectroscopy. Together with previous observations for four other glasses and liquids of the system SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO, these results are used to discuss changes in hypersonic velocities in three adjacent temperature domains, i.e., below, in, and above the glass transformation range. The temperature dependence of Brillouin velocities is consistent with the observed variations with temperature of viscosity, density, and mean heat capacity for the same three temperature domains. These variations of physical properties of alumino-silicate liquids are qualitatively in agreement with the Inherent Structure Theory for liquids.     

Ueber die Bestimmung des sauren weinsauren Kaliums in den Rohweinsteinen und der Weinhefe

Ohne ZusammenfassungNieder-Ingelheim, 3. Mai 1885.     

A posteriori error estimates for a time discrete scheme for a phase-field system of Penrose-Fife type

A time discrete scheme is used to approximate the solution toa phase field system of Penrose–Fife type with a non-conservedorder parameter. An a posteriori error estimate is presentedthat allows the estimation of the difference between continuousand semidiscrete solutions by quantities that can be calculatedfrom the approximation and given data.     

A time‐accurate pseudo‐compressibility approach based on an unstructured hybrid finite volume technique applied to unsteady turbulent premixed flame propagation

A preconditioning approach based on the artificial compressibility formulation is extended to solve the governing equations for unsteady turbulent reactive flows with heat release, at low Mach numbers, on an unstructured hybrid grid context. Premixed reactants are considered and a flamelet approach for combustion modelling is adopted using a continuous quenched mean reaction rate. An overlapped cell‐vertex finite volume method is adopted as a discretisation scheme. Artificial dissipation terms for hybrid grids are explicitly added to ensure a stable, discretised set of equations. A second‐order, explicit, hybrid Runge–Kutta scheme is applied for the time marching in pseudo‐time. A time derivative of the dependent variable is added to recover the time accuracy of the preconditioned set of equations. This derivative is discretised by an implicit, second‐order scheme. The resulting scheme is applied to the calculation of an infinite planar (one‐dimensional) turbulent premixed flame propagating freely in reactants whose turbulence is supposed to be frozen, homogeneous and isotropic. The accuracy of the results obtained with the proposed method proves to be excellent when compared to the data available in the literature. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.