Interactions of the vector breathers for the coupled Hirota system with $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 Lax pair

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, we investigate the interactions of the vector breathers for the coupled Hirota system with $$4\times 4$$ Lax pair. Firstly, we give the first-order breather...     

稳定分层湍流中逆梯度输运的关联分析研究

本文采用关联分析方法研究了稳定温度分层湍流中的结构特性、输运特性，以及热量、动量逆梯度输运现象的尺度效应及其参数演化．首先采用大涡模拟方法对稳定分层湍流中的结构特性和输运特性进行了分析，将逆梯度输运发生的时间尺度作为已知条件，结合关联量分析方法在波数空间中的解析解，对逆梯度输运现象的尺度效应进行了分析研究．结果发现，稳定分层强度较大的流动中发生垂向热量及动量逆梯度输运现象，发生的结构尺度与关联分析所发现垂向热量、动量逆梯度输运的波数形成了呼应．随着分层强度增加，热量、动量的输运强度均受抑制，与逆梯度输运关联的流场结构尺度减小，同样的效应也发生在流场结构向下游演化的过程中．     

Study on the Relationship between Emulsion Properties and Interfacial Rheology of Sugar Beet Pectin Modified by Different Enzymes

The contribution of rheological properties and viscoelasticity of the interfacial adsorbed layer to the emulsification mechanism of enzymatic modified sugar beet pectin (SBP) was studied. The component content of each enzymatic modified pectin was lower than that of untreated SBP. Protein and ferulic acid decreased from 5.52% and 1.08% to 0.54% and 0.13%, respectively, resulting in a decrease in thermal stability, apparent viscosity, and molecular weight (Mw). The dynamic interfacial rheological properties showed that the interfacial pressure and modulus (E) decreased significantly with the decrease of functional groups (especially proteins), which also led to the bimodal distribution of particle size. These results indicated that the superior emulsification property of SBP is mainly determined by proteins, followed by ferulic acid, and the existence of other functional groups also promotes the emulsification property of SBP.     

Random copolymerization of macromonomers as a versatile strategy to synthesize mixed-graft block copolymers

The random copolymerization of norbornene-functionalized macromonomers was explored as a method of synthesizing mixed-graft block copolymers (mGBCPs). The copolymerization kinetics of a model system of polystyrene (PS) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) macromonomers was first analyzed, revealing a gradient composition of side chains along the mGBCP backbone. The phase separation behavior of mGBCPs with PS and PLA side chains of various backbone lengths and side chain molar ratios was investigated, and increasing the backbone length was found to stabilize the phase-separated nanostructures. The graft architecture was also demonstrated to improve the processability of the mGBCP, compared to a linear counterpart. Investigations of mGBCPs comprised of polydimethylsiloxane and poly(ethylene oxide) side chains exemplified the diverse self-assembled morphologies, including a Frank-Kasper A15 phase, that can be obtained with mGBCPs synthesized by random copolymerization of macromonomers. Lastly, a ternary mGBCP was synthesized by the copolymerization of three macromonomers.     

Time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations for multi-gap superconductors

We numerically solve the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations for two-gap superconductors using the finite-element technique. The real-time simulation shows that at low magnetic field, the vortices in small-size samples tend to form clusters or other disorder structures. When the sample size is large, stripes appear in the pattern. These results are in good agreement with the previous experimental observations of the intriguing anomalous vortex pattern, providing a reliable theoretical basis for the future applications of multi-gap superconductors.