PHOTOIONIZATION IN AN INTENSE LASER FIELD

In this paper classical approaches are used to study the detailed processes of photoion-ization in an intense laser field. The analytic expression of the ionization rate is derived. Finally, the results obtained are compared with existing theories such as Landau's tunnel theory and Keldysh-Faisal-Reiss theory.     

A PROPOSAL OF QUANTIZATION OF SYSTEMS WITHOUT STANDARD LAGRANGIANS

For many classical systems which disobey Helmholtz conditions and thus possess no stan-dard Lagrangian formulation on velocity phase space TQ, ordinary quantization procedures cannot be directly applied. By shifting to an enlarged space TTQ and viewing the systems as typically constrained ones, we propose a quantization method which seems to be practicable as illustrated by the examples.