我国的宇宙线物理研究六十年

为纪念宇宙线物理诞生100周年,文章介绍了中国的几位老一辈的物理学家在宇宙线和粒子物理研究中曾做出的卓越贡献,回顾了中国60年来,特别是最初阶段,新中国的宇宙线研究的发展历程,对研究的不同阶段取得的成果举例做了介绍.     

我永远的老师——纪念何泽慧先生百年诞辰

<正>永远的老师我与何泽慧老师的直接接触始于三十多年前——20世纪70年代,我已经记不清是在哪一年了。1974年我因高能物理上马从甘肃的长庆油田调到高能物理研究所,开始从事接近我专业学科的科研工作。那时我已30岁,从事宇宙线学科的科研工作才刚刚开始,我满腔热情,寻求着一个尽快切入的方式,以弥补岁月带给我的延迟。     

大面积闪烁计数器的性能

对面积为75×37cm²的塑料闪烁体的光收集方式进行了研究。在此基础上,建造了十个计数器。本文介绍了计数器的结构和性能,并对设计原理作了讨论。     

我从事物理学研究的点滴体会

今年的"三·八"国际妇女节,<物理>杂志编辑部向我约稿,这使我作为一名女性科研人员,比男士们多了一个机会,可以说说自己想说的话.     

我永远的老师何泽慧先生

永远的老师我与何泽慧老师的直接接触始于三十多年前,上世纪70年代,但已经记不清是在哪一年了。1974年,我因高能物理上马,从甘肃的长庆油田调到高能物理所,开始从事接近我专业学科的科研工作。那时我已30岁,从事宇宙线学科的科研工作才刚刚开始,我满腔热情,寻求着一个尽快切入的方式,以弥补岁月带给我的延迟。     

Design and simulations for the detector based on DSSSD

The present paper describes the design and simulation results of a position-sensitive charged particle detector based on the Double Sided Silicon Strip Detector （DSSSD）. Also, the characteristics of the DSSSD and its testing result were are discussed. With the application of the DSSSD, the position-sensitive charged particle detector can not only give particle flux and energy spectra information and identify different types of charged particles, but also measure the location and angle of incident particles. As the detector can make multi-parameter measurements of charged particles, it is widely used in space detection and exploration missions, such as charged particle detection related to earthquakes, space environment monitoring and solar activity inspection.     

Comparative studies of silicon photomultipliers and traditional vacuum photomultiplier tubes

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are a new generation of semiconductor-based photon counting devices with the merits of low weight, low power consumption and low voltage operation, promising to meet the needs of space particle physics experiments. In this paper, comparative studies of SiPMs and traditional vacuum photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been performed regarding the basic properties of dark currents, dark counts and excess noise factors. The intrinsic optical crosstalk effect of SiPMs was evaluated.     

Design and performance study of the LEPD silicon tracker onboard the CSES satellite

The low energy particle detector (LEPD) is one of the main payloads onboard the China seismic electromagnetic satellite (CSES). The detector is designed to ascertain space electrons (0.1-10 MeV) and protons (2-50 MeV). It has the capability of identifying the electrons and protons, to measure the energy spectrum and the incident angle of the particles. The LEPD is made up of a silicon tracker system, a CsI (Tl) mini-calorimeter, an anti-coincidence system made by plastic scintillator, as well as electronics and a data acquisition system (DAQ). The tracker is also a kind of E-E telescope; it consists of two layers of double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSD). The signals emerging from the silicon tracker can be read out by two pieces of application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which also can generate an event trigger for the LEPD. The functions of the DSSD system in the LEPD for charged particles were tested by 241Am @5.486 MeV α particles. The results show that the DSSD system works well, and has high performance to detect charged particles and measure the position of incident particles.     

A geometric factor calculation method based on the isotropic flux assumption

One of the instruments onboard the China Seismic Electromagnetic Satellite （CSES） is the Low Energy Particle Detector （LEPD）. The primary objective of LEPD is to provide measurements of the fluxes, energy spectra and pitch angles of 100 keV to 10 MeV electrons and protons from 2 to 50 MeV in the Earth＇s magnetosphere. The geometric factor is one of the principle parameters of a detector, which converts the physical quantity-count rate to the particle quantity-flux. In this paper, we calculated the geometric factor of LEPD via computer modeling of an isotropic radiation environment. It was first demonstrated that the radiation intensity related should obey a cosine-law, then a general sampling method of generating this distribution via GPS of GEANT4 was explained. Furthermore, combined with flux normalization, a comparison of the geometric factor calculation of a set of 2-layer detectors with different shapes （cylinder, truncated cone and rectangle） was performed. Results show a generally good agreement between simulation and analytical calculations for the cylinder and truncated cone detectors, and the result of the rectangular one, for which there is no accurate analytical formula, is consistent with the previous simulated results by others. As a practical instance of the 2-layer rectangle detector, the geometric factor of LEPD is 10.336±0.036 m cm2·sr for 10 MeV proton and 8.211±0.032 m cm2·sr for 8 MeV electron.     

地基人工VLF 电波对辐射带电子的调制

辐射带电子的加速与沉降机理是空间物理研究的重要课题.法国DEMETER电磁卫星观测到了美国NPM发射站VLF信号及与之相关的高能电子沉降事例.本研究工作将根据基于回旋共振相互作用的准线性扩散理论,通过对局域投掷角扩散系数的计算,来说明受VLF影响的高能电子的投掷角分布与电子的能量及所处位置的关系.理论计算较好地解释了DEMETER卫星在NPM实验期间所观测到的电子沉降事例.在此基础上进一步讨论了通过人工方式对辐射带高能电子施加影响的效率问题. 关键词： 回旋共振 投掷角散射 电子沉降