Angular distributions of CH3I fragment ions under the irradiation of a single pulse and trains of ultrashort laser pulses

The angular distribution of CH3I is investigated experimentally using a single Fourier transform-limited laser pulse and a pulse train, where a 90-fs 800-nm linearly polarized laser field with a moderate intensity of 2.8×1013 W/cm2 is used. The dynamic alignment is demonstrated in a single pulse experiment. Moreover, a pulse train is used to optimize the molecular alignment, and the alignment degree is almost identical to that with the single pulse. The results are analysed by using chirped femtosecond laser pulses, and it demonstrates that the structure of pulse train rather than its effective duration is crucial to the molecular alignment.     

Tunable spectral shift of high-order harmonic generation in atoms using a sinusoidally phase-modulated pulse

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) from an atom illuminated by a sinusoidally phase-modulated pulse is investigated by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The spectral shift that occurs in atomic HHG can be achieved easily using our laser pulse. It is shown that the photon energy of the generated harmonics is controllable within the range of 1 eV. The shift of the frequency peak position is rooted in the asymmetry of the rising and falling parts of the laser pulse. We also show that by varying the phase parameters in the frequency domain of the laser one can adjust and control the shift in atomic harmonic spectra.     

Tunable spectral continuous shift of high-order harmonic generation in atoms by a plasmon-assisted shaping pulse

We delve into the phenomenon of high-order harmonic generation within a helium atom under the influence of a plasmon-assisted shaping pulse. Our findings reveal an intriguing manipulation of the frequency peak position in the harmonic emission by adjusting the absolute phase parameter within the frequency domain of the shaping pulse. This phenomenon holds potential significance for experimental setups necessitating precisely tuned single harmonics. Notably, we observe a modulated shift in the cr...     

一种小型化的低功耗短波红外成像组件设计

短波红外兼具可见光与热红外的成像优点,近年来得到了快速的发展。现有的短波红外相机多应用于机载或车载平台,可以对快速移动的目标进行跟踪识别,但是存在尺寸重量较大、功耗成本较高等问题,限制了其在民用方向的推广。针对这一问题,提出了一种低功耗、低成本、小型化的短波红外成像组件解决方案,降低帧频以精简信号处理架构;选择国产低功耗现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)芯片;提高电源效率,在保证信噪比的前提下,单板面积减小到38 mm×38 mm,正常工作状态下功耗为2.8 W。在短波红外相机的尺寸和功耗方面都有了显著优化,降低了成本及装载要求,提升了续航能力,为民用方向的推广起到了一定的推动作用。     

超快飞秒激光场中原子分子量子态调控

超快激光及其调控技术的发展使得原子分子量子态超快测控受到广泛关注,这些研究加深了对强激光与原子分子量子态相互作用的认识。本文回顾了相关领域的研究进展,特别集中在超快激光场对分子转动、解离的调控以及原子分子电离的量子态调控的研究,并对未来发展进行了展望。     

Identification of isomers and control of ionization and dissociation processes using dual-mass-spectrometer scheme and genetic algorithm optimization

Identification of acetone and its two isomers, and the control of their ionization and dissociation processes are performed using a dual-mass-spectrometer scheme. The scheme employs two sets of time of flight mass spectrometers to simultaneously acquire the mass spectra of two different molecules under the irradiation of identically shaped femtosecond laser pulses. The optimal laser pulses are found using closed-loop learning method based on a genetic algorithm. Compared with the mass spectra of the two isomers that are obtained with the transform limited pulse, those obtained under the irradiation of the optimal laser pulse show large differences and the various reaction pathways of the two molecules are selectively controlled. The experimental results demonstrate that the scheme is quite effective and useful in studies of two molecules having common mass peaks, which makes a traditional single mass spectrometer unfeasible.     

Control of the photoionization/photodissociation processes of cyclopentanone with trains of femtosecond laser pulses

A train of three equally spaced femtosecond laser pulses is employed to control the photoionization/photodissociation processes of cyclopentanone. With the increase of pulse separation, a strong modulation of product ion yield is observed. More than ten-fold changes of ion yield ratio between different products can be realized. The experimental observations further explain the compositions and formation pathways of peaks in the mass spectra. The controlling mechanisms are also discussed.     

一种应用距离选通成像技术的微光望远镜

利用红外波长的激光对微光系统进行辅助照明,改善目标区域的环境照度和对比度,使目标从视场中凸显出来,提高微光系统的探测距离,改善观察效果。采用距离选通技术,合理匹配激光脉冲与选通像增强器的工作时序,屏蔽目标前后非目标反射光以及来自大气中悬浮微粒产生的杂散光干扰,解决同轴照明后向散射问题,达到只观察选定距离内目标的目的。通过微光选通望远镜的工程实践,将激光距离选通技术成功地运用于微光探测领域中,在无月星光,照度为110-3lx,大气能见度为10 km条件下,对中型坦克或卡车侧面目标的识别距离可达到1 400 m。     

红外光谱分析技术在浮选过程中的应用研究进展

随着浮选研究的深入发展,以捕收剂为核心的浮选药剂作用机理的研究逐渐成为研究焦点。红外光谱以速度快、成本低、无损等特点成为浮选药剂作用机理研究最为重要的手段之一。首先从文献报道数量和比例说明红外光谱在该研究中的重要地位,并总结了常见浮选药剂的红外光谱特征,最后分别阐述了红外光谱在捕收剂、抑制剂、活化剂等浮选药剂作用机理中的应用研究进展。归纳出红外光谱用于判定捕收剂在矿物表面作用三种机制的判据： 如果捕收剂作用后的矿物表面有新的吸收峰,则捕收剂在矿物表面发生了化学反应;如果仅有吸收峰的位置发生移动,并超过测试设备本身误差范围的移动量,则捕收剂在矿物表面形成的是化学吸附;排除上述产生的新红外特征吸收峰和红外特征峰的移动,且通过反复水洗即可清除表面沾染的捕收剂分子,则捕收剂在矿物表面发生的是物理吸附。并指出红外光谱在浮选过程中的应用研究存在的两大问题,一是将捕收剂与矿物表面的化学反应和化学吸附机理混淆;二是忽视红外光谱仪器吸收峰位移2～4 cm-1背景误差。展望未来红外光谱在浮选过程中的应用研究应该着眼于多种药剂混合用药在矿物表面作用机理的研究,该领域内红外光谱的定量分析研究及红外光谱吸收峰位移的背景误差分析等三方面。     

基于旋转相干光谱的整形飞秒激光转动动力学调控

我们实验上发展了基于飞秒激光旋转相干光谱的整形飞秒激光转动动力学调控方法，通过脉冲整形技术调控激发脉冲的光谱相位，从而实现对飞秒激光作用下转动态相干激发过程中复原信号及转动布居数的调控. 研究了飞秒激光旋转相干光谱对激光频谱相位的响应机制，突出了飞秒激光频谱相位在气相分子转动态相干激发中的重要作用. 为飞秒激光作用下生物大分子和团簇鉴别及结构探测研究提供了新的参考.