Decoherence of macroscopic objects from relativistic effect

We study how the decoherence of macroscopic objects originates intrinsically from the relativistic effect. With the degree of freedom of the center of mass(CM) characterizing the collective quantum state of a macroscopic object(MO),it is found that an MO consisting of N particles can decohere with a time scale of no more than p (N~(1/2))~-1. Here, the special relativity can induce the coupling of the collective motion mode and the relative motion modes in an order of 1/c~2, which intrinsically results in the above minimum decoherence.     

The heat and work of quantum thermodynamic processes with quantum coherence

Energy is often partitioned into heat and work by two independent paths corresponding to the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions of a quantum system. The discrepancies of the heat and work for various quantum thermodynamic processes have not been well characterized in literature. Here we show how the work in quantum machines is differentially related to the isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes. We prove that the energy exchanges during the quantum isochoric and isothermal processes are simply depending on the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions. However, for a time-dependent system in a non-adiabatic quantum evolution, the transitions between the different quantum states representing the quantum coherence can affect the essential thermodynamic properties, and thus the general definitions of the heat and work should be clarified with respect to the microscopic generic time-dependent system. By integrating the coherence effects in the exactly-solvable dynamics of quantum-spin precession, the internal energy is rigorously transferred as the work in the thermodynamic adiabatic process. The present study demonstrates that the quantum adiabatic process is sufficient but not necessary for the thermodynamic adiabatic process.     

基于等离激元增强拉曼光谱的便携式快速检测仪设计与实现

用于食品安全、环境污染、毒品、化学战剂检测等的现场快速检测要求检测设备便携、快速和准确。目前的常规实验室检测方法虽然能够实现准确检测,但是其实时性较差,无法满足现场快速检测的要求。因此,设计开发了基于等离激元增强拉曼光谱的便携式快速检测仪,能够实现对滥用添加剂、违禁食品添加剂、农药残余、毒品、化学战剂和环境水污染等大量有害物质的现场快速定性检测。该检测仪基于ARM嵌入式系统开发,编写了其操作交互界面和底层驱动程序,实现了拉曼光谱数据自动标定和特征谱图快速识别等算法。在仪器中搭建了检测物质拉曼光谱的标谱数据库,数据库根据检测科目进行分类,每种科目包含该类别的多种物质,每种物质均包含其高中低多种浓度的标准品和样本谱图。设计实现了大类科目的辨识比对算法和GPU硬件加速算法,实现了对某一类科目的所有物质的快速比对,与传统的纯CPU算法实现相比较,在辨识速度上提高了20倍以上。通过市场购买的功能饮料、违规葡萄酒与果汁等实际样品对所制备的样机仪器进行测试,测试结果符合预期,具有良好的灵敏度与重现性,满足了现场快速检测的要求。