单片机在设计性物理实验中的应用

在设计性物理实验中引入单片机技术 ,使学生了解怎样实现测量数字化与自动化 ,初步掌握信号放大、数据采集、编程等基本方法     

闪烁体Y_2SiO_5:Ce的发光特性

Y_2SiO_5:Ce~(3+)(YSO:Ce)具有高密度、不吸潮以及良好的光输出和快速衰减的特性,是一种重要的闪烁材料。研究采用高温固相法制备Y_2SiO_5:Ce~(3+)+0.2%(YSO:Ce)。在低温及室温下,对闪烁体YSO:Ce的时间分辨发射光谱、激发光谱以及衰减曲线进行了测量和分析。YSO:Ce主要有两类发射,一是晶体的缺陷发射,发射中心在320 nm;二是掺杂的Ce~(3+)的5d→4f发射,发射中心在440 nm。只有当激发能量(E_x)大于材料带隙宽度(E_g)时才能够激发出晶体缺陷发射,对应慢速的激发发射过程,且低温时发射强度较大,当温度升高时有温度猝灭,在室温下时间分辨发射光谱中几乎观察不到晶体缺陷发射。对于发射中心位于440 nm Ce~(3+)的5d→4f能级发射,在60~300 nm范围内能够观察到多个激发峰,其中能量小于材料禁带宽度的激发是属于Ce~(3+)5d能级的直接激发带,对应快速的激发发射过程。在低温时能够观测到发光中心位于392和426 nm分立的发射峰,对应Ce~(3+)的5d→4f(~2F_(5/2),~2F_(7/2))的发射。当温度升高到室温时,光谱宽化,无法观测到分立的发射峰。在温度200和300 K时,当激发光的能量大于带隙宽度,衰减曲线有明显的上升沿,说明有能量传递给Ce~(3+)。     

Force-constant-decayed anisotropic network model: An improved method for predicting RNA flexibility

RNA is an important biological macromolecule, which plays an irreplaceable role in many life activities. RNA functions are largely determined by its tertiary structure and the intrinsic dynamics encoded in the structure. Thus, how to effective extract structure-encoded dynamics is of great significance for understanding RNA functions. Anisotropic network model (ANM) is an efficient method to investigate macromolecular dynamical properties, which has been widely used in protein studies. However, the performance of the conventional ANM in describing RNA flexibility is not as good as that on proteins. In this study, we proposed a new approach, named force-constant-decayed anisotropic network model (fcd-ANM), to improve the performance in investigating the dynamical properties encoded in RNA structures. In fcd-ANM, nucleotide pairs in RNA structure were connected by springs and the force constant of springs was decayed exponentially based on the separation distance to describe the differences in the inter-nucleotide interaction strength. The performance of fcd-ANM in predicting RNA flexibility was evaluated using a non-redundant structure database composed of 51 RNAs. The results indicate that fcd-ANM significantly outperforms the conventional ANM in reproducing the experimental B-factors of nucleotides in RNA structures, and the Pearson correlation coefficient between the predicted and experimental nucleotide B-factors was distinctly improved by 21.05% compared to the conventional ANM. Fcd-ANM can serve as a more effective method for analysis of RNA dynamical properties.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定螺旋藻和阿胶中微量元素

采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)对药材螺旋藻和阿胶样品的元素种类和含量进行了测定.结果表明,两种药材中含有K、Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Mn、S等多种微量元素.这为螺旋藻和阿胶药效功能的进一步研究提供一定的科学依据.     

多光束非定域干涉透射光强分布

研究了多光束非定域干涉现象,得到了多光束非定域干涉的透射光强分布函数。理论研究结果表明,干涉圆环中心位置光强与定域干涉结果一致。对得到的多光束非定域干涉透射光强分布函数进行了数值分析,分析结果表明随着镜面反射系数的增加,非定域干涉条纹变得更加锐细,光谱分辨率提高,同时在低干涉级次处出现了噪声,并且反射系数越高,噪声越明显。在镜面间距不变的情况下,通过改变观察屏位置,对透射光强分布进行数值分析,结果表明干涉级次与干涉圆环倾角的余弦值存在线性关系,通过求斜率可以得到镜面间距。保持观察屏位置不变,通过改变镜面间距,数值分析结果表明干涉级次与干涉圆环半径平方存在线性关系,并且直线斜率与镜面间距也存在线性关系。     

Molecular dynamics simulations on the wet/dry self-latching and electric fields triggered wet/dry transitions between nanosheets: A non-volatile memory nanostructure

We design a nanostructure composing of two nanoscale graphene sheets parallelly immersed in water.Using molecular dynamics simulations,we demonstrate that the wet/dry state between the graphene sheets can be self-latched;moreover,the wet→dry/dry→wet transition takes place when applying an external electric field perpendicular/parallel to the graphene sheets(E;/E;).This structure works like a flash memory device(a non-volatile memory):the stored information(wet and dry states)of the system can be kept spontaneously,and can also be rewritten by external electric fields.On the one hand,when the distance between the two nanosheets is close to a certain distance,the free energy barriers for the transitions dry→wet and wet→dry can be quite large.As a result,the wet and dry states are self-latched.On the other hand,an E;and an E;will respectively increase and decrease the free energy of the water located in-between the two nanosheets.Consequently,the wet→dry and dry→wet transitions are observed.Our results may be useful for designing novel information memory devices.     

不同产地金莲花中微量元素的测定

采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)对3种不同产地的金莲花样品的元素种类和含量进行了测定。结果表明,金莲花中含有K、Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Mn等多种微量元素,不同产地金莲花中微量元素种类大致相同,而元素含量却各有差异。这对于鉴别药材的产地特征及金莲花药效功能的进一步研究开发和利用都具有重要意义。