非线性超声束的冲击波形成研究

通过用频域方法数值求解KZK方程;以活塞声场为例,研究了非线性超声束的冲击波形成规律。结果表明:除了非线性强度、吸收外,衍射是另一个影响非线性超声束冲击波形成的重要因素。文章发现在不同的衍射条件下的活塞声场的冲击波形成距离有很大差异。最后,还比较了不同参数下冲击波形成时的声压波形和冲击波形成的空间分布。     

不可溶混合液体的非线性声参量

本文设不可溶流体的混合液的总体积为各组份体积之和,直接求导并计及各组份体积比随压力的变化,得到混合液等效非线性声参量(B/A)_ef与各组份体积比xi,它们的(B/A);及绝热压缩系数β_i的关系,并作了实验验证,实验与理论符合较好。     

两侧有固体层负载时板中Lamb波的传播

本文研究了薄板二面有固体导负载时板中Ｌａｍｂ波的传播，从弹性波理论出发并结合应的边界条件，导出板中Ｌａｍｂ波的色散方程，数值计算表示，不管作为自由状态时板中Ｌａｍｂ波相速（板厚取定时）是大于或小于外层固体的声表面波波速，板中对称及反对称模式的Ｌａｍｂ波相速都随着外层固体层厚度增加而变化并且渐近于外层固体的声表面波波速，数值计算又表明，对很薄的板，板中对称及反对称模式的相速均随负载板的厚度呈线性变化     

Propagation of acoustic wave in viscoelastic medium permeated with air bubbles

Based on the modification of the radial pulsation equation of an individual bubble, an effective medium method (EMM) is presented for studying propagation of linear and nonlinear longitudinal acoustic waves in viscoelastic medium permeated with air bubbles. A classical theory developed previously by Gaunaurd (Gaunaurd GC and \"{U}berall H, {\em J. Acoust. Soc. Am}., 1978; 63: 1699--1711) is employed to verify the EMM under linear approximation by comparing the dynamic (i.e. frequency-dependent) effective parameters, and an excellent agreement is obtained. The propagation of longitudinal waves is hereby studied in detail. The results illustrate that the nonlinear pulsation of bubbles serves as the source of second harmonic wave and the sound energy has the tendency to be transferred to second harmonic wave. Therefore the sound attenuation and acoustic nonlinearity of the viscoelastic matrix are remarkably enhanced due to the system's resonance induced by the existence of bubbles.     

有液层负载时各向异性薄板中Lamb波的传播

研究各向异性板有液层负载时板中Ｌａｍｂ波的传播．以微传感领域常用的ＺｎＯ等为例,从弹性波传播理论出发,结合边界条件,导得了各向异性薄板有液层负载时板中Ｌａｍｂ波传播的色散方程,这也同样适用于正交晶体系,正方晶体系和立方晶体系的晶体．数值计算结果表明,各向异性板中Ｌａｍｂ波相速度随液层厚度增加呈周期变化．当单面有液层负载的薄板厚度２ｄ很小时,Ａ０模式的类Ｌａｍｂ波的微质量传感特性也作了讨论．     

Acoustic Localization in Weakly Compressible Elastic Media Permeated with Air Bubbles

The propagation of longitudinal acoustic waves in weakly compressible elastic media permeated with air bubbles is investigated on the basis of the radial pulsation equation of a single bubble. The multiple scattering of waves in such media is rigorously described by using a self-consistent approach. Theoretical results show that there exists strong acoustic localization in a range of frequency slightly above the bubble resonance frequency, even for a very small volume fraction of bubbles. Further study reveals that the localization is in fact attributed to collection behaviour of bubbles, allowing for an efficient cancellation of propagating waves. This is essentially consistent with the known conclusions recently drawn for bubbly liquid by Kou et al. [2003 Appl. Phys. Left. 83 4247]     

有限振幅声波非线性传播畸变消除的研究

在高声强情况下建立一个无畸变(或低畸变)的声场是非线性声学的一个颇有兴趣的问题。本文讨论了频率分别为f_1,f_2和f_3三列声波的非线性相互作用,其中f_1为有限报幅声波的频率,而f_2=2f_1,f_3=3f_1。基于Fenlon关于多频率有限振幅声波传播的理论,作者指出,如果适当控制频率为f_2及f_3声波的初始位相和振幅,就有可能在某些接收点上抑制有限振幅声波的二次及三次谐波,从而使其传播畸变有极明显的降低。     

薄板中类Lamb波在负载流体中引起的声流的研究

板的一侧有粘滞液层负载时,板中类Lamb波的传播将会在其负载流体中引起声流。结合单面粘滞液层负载板中类Lamb波的传播机制以及流体中由于声波非线性传播引起声流的理论,运用逐级近似法,并考虑到具体的实验条件,计算了薄板内有类Lamb波传播时,其负载流体中声流的速度大小与分布。数值计算与已有实验符合较好。     

改进的热力学方法研究液体非线性声参量 B/A

本文描述一种测量液体及生物媒质非线性声学参量B/A的改进热力学方法,其特点是直接测量绝热过程中传声介质声速随静压力的变化而得到B/A。由于采用了高灵敏度的检相技术,静压力只需改变一个大气压左右,因而避免了传统的热力学方法需要大范围改变温度及压力等缺点。测量了蒸馏水等十一种液体,结果表明此方法可行,系统可靠,精度在5％以内。     

有液层负载时薄板中类Lamb波的传播

本文研究薄板一面有液层负载时板中类Ｌａｍｂ波的传播，从弹性波传播理论出发，导得了类Ｌａｍｂ波的色散方程。由于几何不对称，因此不可能严格区分出对称与反对称模式，而是耦合在一起。数值计算结果表明，板中类Ｌａｍｂ波相速度随液层厚度增加呈周期变化。当ｋｔｄ＜＜１时类反对称模式的相速度变化近似与液层厚度成正比，这与特征阻抗法结果相同。初步实验结果验证了上述理论。