相对论平均场理论对196Pb超形变态的研究

在形变约束的相对论平均场理论框架下, 用TMA, PK1, NL3和NL-SH相互作用对¹⁹⁶Pb的超形变态进行了系统研究. 给出了¹⁹⁶Pb的位能曲线、基态和超形变态的形变以及超形变态退激的激发能. ¹⁹⁶Pb的基态为β₂≈－0.15的扁椭球, 超形变激发态为β₂≈0.60的长椭球, 激发能在4－5MeV之间, 势阱深度在1－2.2MeV之间. 这些结果与最近观测的实验数据符合得非常好, 表明相对论平均场理论能够较好地描述¹⁹⁶Pb超形变转动带带首的能量.     

基于人工表面等离激元结构的全向隐身

人工局域表面等离激元结构具有许多特殊的光学性质,对于新一代光学元件的设计具有重要的意义.本文设计了一种在硅盘中周期性嵌入金属条的结构,从而使得物体在任意方向的光散射均被抑制,实现了全方向隐身的效果.通过理论分析与数值模拟,发现这种空心的人工局域表面等离激元结构在一定频率下会出现强散射抑制现象,这是由结构的散射波与背景波之间干涉相消产生的效果,且由于结构是一种周期性环状结构,因此可以在散射抑制的频率点下实现全方向的隐身效果.这为分析人工局域表面等离激元结构的物理隐身和光学响应提供了一条新的途径.此外,本文还分析了结构在不同参数条件下对散射谱移动规律的影响.本文的结果适用于微波到太赫兹波区域,可以应用于各种先进的光学器件,如雷达、隐身涂层、传感器和探测器等.     

相对论平均场理论对Se，Kr，Sr和Zr同位素链形状共存的系统研究

在约束形变的相对论平均场理论下,用NL3参数组系统地研究了Se,Kr,Sr和Zr四个同位素链中的偶-偶核,理论计算的基态束缚能和实验值符合得非常好.通过对这些核的位能曲面的分析,发现在此区域内有着丰富的形状共存现象,系统地指出可能存在形状共存现象的原子核,并且进一步指出在这些核的位能曲面上两个能量极小点的能量差.另外通过对位能曲面以及单中子能级的研究,提出在此区域内N＝70可能是一个中子幻数. 关键词： 形状共存 相对论平均场 位能曲面 幻数     

反射法和自准法测三棱镜顶角的比较

通过对反射法和自准法测量三棱镜顶角的比较,从测量的准确程度以及实验过程中操作容易程度来看,自准法更适合测量三棱镜顶角。     

Competition between α-decay and β-decay for heavy and superheavy nuclei

In this work, the β-stable region for Z 90 is proposed based on a successful binding energy formula.The calculated β-stable nuclei in the β-stable region are in good agreement with the ones obtained by Mo¨ller et al. The half-lives of the nuclei close to the β-stable region are calculated and the competition between α-decay andβ-decay is systematically investigated. The calculated half-lives and the suggested decay modes are well in line with the experimental results. The decay modes are mostly β--decay above the β-stable region. Especially for Z 111,all the decay modes are β--decay. Regarding the nuclei above the β-stable region, α-decay and β--decay(α+β-)can occur simultaneously when Z 112. This is a very interesting phenomenon. The competition between α-decay and β-decay is very complex and drastic below the β-stable region. The predictions for half-lives and decay modes of the nuclei with Z =107–110 are presented in detail.     

C36团簇生长动力学及自由能

在2300 K的气相条件下,采用经典分子动力学方法对C₃₆团簇的生长过程进行模拟,并计算生长过程中出现的势能最低的20个异构体的相对概率.计算结果表明:团簇系统在100 ns左右达到动态平衡,出现概率最大的异构体是_2d而不是势能最低的D_6h.对于某些势能和自由能均较高的碗状异构体,在生长过程中以一定概率出现,其出现概率甚至高于某些经典构型.     

Half-Lives of Proton Emitters With a Deformed Density-Dependent Model

Half-lives of proton radioactivity are investigated with a deformed density-dependent model. The single folding potential which is dependent on deformation and orientation is employed to calculate the proton decay width through the deformed potential barrier. In addition, the spectroscopic factor is taken into account in the calculation, which is obtained in the relativistic mean field theory with NL3. The calculated results of semi-spherical nuclei are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, and the results of well-deformed nuclei are also satisfactory. Moreover, a formula for the spherical proton emission half-life based on the Gamow quantum tunneling theory is presented.     

Investigation of proton radioactivity with the effective liquid drop model

Proton radioactivity has been investigated using the effective liquid drop model with varying mass asymmetry shapes and effective inertial coefficients. An effective nuclear radius constant formula replaces the old empirical one in the calculations. The theoretical half-lives are in good agreement with the available experimental data. All the deviations between the calculated logarithmic half-lives and the experimental values are less than 0.8.The root-mean-square(rms) deviation is 0.523. Predictions for the half-lives of proton radioactivity are made for elements across the periodic table. From the theoretical results, there are 11 candidate nuclei for proton radioactivity in the region Z <51. In the region Z >83, no nuclei are suggested as probable candidate nuclei for proton radioactivity within the selected range of half-lives studied.     

浅谈如何调动学生上物理实验课的积极性

结合指导物理实验课的实践,从七个方面讨论如何调动学生上物理实验课的积极性。     

专业差异性基础物理实验教学改革探索——以安徽理工大学为例

本文以安徽理工大学为例,简要地介绍了该校以专业差异性为主要特色的基础物理实验教学改革实践,主要表现为该校物理实验课程改革在教学内容改革方面的新措施.这些措施涉及实验内容分类、内容补充和解决内容“分歧”.通过这些具体新措施的实行,学校提高了物理实验课的教学水平和学生物理实验课的学习积极性.