CVD金刚石薄膜探测器性能研究

通过实验测量和理论分析, 从载流子动力学角度研究了用于脉冲辐射探测的CVD金刚石薄膜探测器的适用结构、电荷收集效率和时间响应性能. 结果表明, CVD金刚石薄膜可以制成均匀型结构的探测器; 薄膜中的缺陷会降低探测器的电荷收集效率, 探测器的电荷收集效率随场强增大而增大直至饱和. 已研制的CVD金刚石探测器电荷收集时间可达719ps, 在2.5V/μm场强下达到饱和, 电荷收集效率 达60.5%; 晶格散射是影响探测器时间响应的主要因素, 选用大晶粒甚至单晶金刚石薄膜可以提高探测器时间响应.     

A CVD diamond film detector for pulsed proton detection

A chemical vapour deposition （CVD） diamond film detector was prepared and the main characteristics for pulsed proton detection were studied at Beijing Tandem Accelerator. The result shows that the charge collection efficiency of the detector increases with increasing electric field intensity and reaches to 9.44% at 5 V/μm with the charge collection distance of 15.9 μm. The relationship between the sensitivity of the detector and proton energy is consistent with the Monte Carlo （MC） simulation result. Its plasma time for a pulse with 4.85×10^5 protons is 1l.2ns. The dose threshold for onset of damage under 9MeV proton irradiation in the detector is about 10^13 cm^-2. All of the results show that a CVD diamond detector has fast time response and high radiation hardness, and can be used in pulsed proton detection.     

~(133)Ba面源效率转移法刻度~(133)Xe气体源HPGe探测效率

提出使用面源进行效率转移法刻度133 Xe气体体源的探测效率。使用133 Ba面源模拟刻度放射性133 Xe气体体源的探测效率,在刻度的过程中利用137 Cs与133Ba的峰效率比值及133 Ba面源远端无符合相加效应,137 Cs能峰远近都无符合相加效应等,结合软件模拟建立远近距离峰效率比值的关系,来解决133 Ba的符合相加效应。最后,使用面源效率转移法进行气体体源效率刻度,转移法刻度结果和面源模拟法刻度计算值的偏差在±1%以内。     

Properties study of ZnO:Ga crystal on pulsed radiation detections

In this paper, properties on pulsed radiation detections of ZnO：Ga crystal grew by a magnetron sputtering method were studied. The time response to pulsed laser, pulsed hard X rays and single α particles, the energy response to pulsed hard X ray, the scintillation efficiency to γ rays, the response to pulsed proton, and the relations of the light intensity varied with the proton energy were measured and analyzed in detail. Results show that the ZnO：Ga crystal has potential applications in the regime of pulse radiation detection.     

4He闪烁裂变中子探测器的中子灵敏度

对4He闪烁裂变中子探测器的中子灵敏度进行了理论和实验研究。采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了不同能量中子和不同厚度裂变靶产生的裂变碎片在4He中的能量沉积,计算结果表明:中子在4He气中的能量沉积曲线和裂变碎片的能量沉积曲线能够互补,从而使探测器对中子的能量响应变得更平坦;探测器的中子灵敏度为10-15 Ccm2量级。并对探测器的中子灵敏度进行了实验标定,实验结果与理论计算结果较为一致。     

高能质子束流强度绝对测量的二次电子补偿原理研究

高能质子入射到金属接收体表面诱发的二次电子直接影响束流强度的测量精度,如何消除二次电子影响是实现束流高精度测量的关键.根据高能带电粒子在金属表面诱发二次电子发射理论,对高能质子束流强度测量的二次电子补偿原理进行了研究,设计了二次电子补偿结构.采用三块金属极板构成的实验装置在高能质子源上开展实验研究,实验测得在中间极板上输出的电流与入射质子束流强度的比值小于0.7%,中间极板上二次电子得到补偿,验证了二次电子补偿原理的正确性.研究表明,采用设计的二次电子补偿结构对高能质子束流强度进行测量时二次电子贡献小于1%.     

Experimental study on scintillation efficiency of ZnO:In to proton response

Film ZnO:In crystal is a good candidate for a scintillation recoil proton neutron detection system and the response of ZnO:In to protons is a crucial point. The energy response of ZnO:In to mono-energetic protons in the range of 10 keV-8 MeV was measured. The experiment was carried out in current mode, and Au foil scattering was employed, where the forward scattering protons were used for exciting the sample, and the backward scattering protons were used for monitoring the beam intensity. According to the result, the yield of light non-linearly depends on proton energy, and drops significantly when proton energy is low. The scintillation efficiency as a function of proton energy was obtained, which is very useful for researching the scintillation recoil proton neutron detection system.     

二次电子发射对质子束流测量精度的影响

二次电子发射直接影响法拉第探测器测量质子束流的精度,减小或消除二次电子发射的影响是提高束流测量精度的关键。根据二次电子补偿原理设计了二次电子补偿型同轴法拉第探测器,实验发现探测器测量质子束流强度时不能完全实现二次电子补偿。为改进和完善探测器的设计,从理论上分析了补偿片未能完全消除二次电子对束流测量影响的原因,是由于补偿片前向发射二次电子数目大于收集极后向发射二次电子数目所致。为此设计了质子束穿过金属箔发射二次电子测量装置,测量得到能量为5~10MeV质子穿过10μm厚铜箔时前向与后向发射二次电子产额,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

用于质子和伽马射线探测的金刚石薄膜探测器的辐照性能

 研制出CVD金刚石薄膜探测器,在国家串列加速器和⁶⁰Co稳态辐射源上分别完成了该探测器对9 MeV质子束流和1.25 MeV γ射线的辐照性能研究。结果表明:该探测器在9 MeV质子照射累积强度达到10¹³ cm^-2时,探测器信号电荷收集效率减小量低于3.5%,辐照前后探测器暗电流没有明显变化。计算得到9 MeV质子对该探测器的损伤系数为1.3×10^-16 μm^-1·cm²。由于γ射线与金刚石作用产生的电子起到了填补缺陷的作用,探测器信号电荷收集效率随γ射线照射剂量的增加略有增加,在γ射线累积照射量达到10.32 C/kg时,其增幅小于0.7%。说明金刚石薄膜探测器具有较高耐辐照强度,适用于高强度辐射测量领域。