密度梯度薄板超高速撞击特性的实验研究

以二级轻气炮作为加载手段,在撞击速度范围为4.0—7.0 km/s内获得了Ti6Al4V/Ly12 Al/聚酰胺纤维密度梯度薄板的穿孔特性、验证板损伤特性和弹道极限特性.与Ly12 Al薄板的相应实验结果的对比显示,在相同撞击速度下,该密度梯度薄板的穿孔直径更大,且随撞击速度的增大而增加;其验证板上的撞击坑尺寸小,且随撞击速度的增大而减小;其弹道极限比Ly12 Al薄板的弹道极限高50%以上.分析认为,超高速撞击下Ti6Al4V/Ly12 Al/聚酰胺纤维密度梯度薄板中高阻抗的Ti6Al4V产生的峰值冲击压力比Ly12 Al薄板的峰值冲击压力高,这增强了对弹丸的破碎能力;而其中的聚酰胺纤维层延长了冲击波在薄板中的传播时间,增大了冲击波的耗散,使撞击过程中转化的不可逆功增多,从而消耗了弹丸更多的动能.使用这种密度梯度材料作为防护屏具有很好的抗撞击能力,在航天器空间碎片防护工程应用中具有很大的潜力.     

Elastic properties of CaCO_3 high pressure phases from first principles

Elastic properties of three high pressure polymorphs of CaCO_3 are investigated based on first principles calculations.The calculations are conducted at 0 GPa–40 GPa for aragonite, 40 GPa–65 GPa for post-aragonite, and 65 GPa–150 GPa for the P2_1/c-h-CaCO_3 structure, respectively. By fitting the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state(EOS), the values of bulk modulus K_0 and pressure derivative K~'_0 are 66.09 GPa and 4.64 for aragonite, 81.93 GPa and 4.49 for post-aragonite, and 56.55 GPa and 5.40 for P2_1/c-h-CaCO_3, respectively, which are in good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical data. Elastic constants, wave velocities, and wave velocity anisotropies of the three highpressure CaCO_3 phases are obtained. Post-aragonite exhibits 25.90%–32.10% V_P anisotropy and 74.34%–104.30% V_S splitting anisotropy, and P2_1/c-h-CaCO_3 shows 22.30%–25.40% V_Panisotropy and 42.81%–48.00% V_S splitting anisotropy in the calculated pressure range. Compared with major minerals of the lower mantle, CaCO_3 high pressure polymorphs have low isotropic wave velocity and high wave velocity anisotropies. These results are important for understanding the deep carbon cycle and seismic wave velocity structure in the lower mantle.     

基于特征长度的非球形弹丸超高速撞击碎片云特性研究

 根据ORDEM2000模型和卫星标准解体模型（SBM）,确定空间中真实空间碎片的典型形状和撞击姿态。利用AUTODYN仿真软件,基于碎片特征长度,对立方体、方形薄片超高速撞击产生的碎片云进行三维数值模拟,从形状、质量分布、速度分布与能量分布深入分析碎片云特性,并与通用的球形标准弹丸进行比对。结果表明：弹丸形状及撞击姿态对碎片云特性有显著影响,立方体和方形薄片弹丸角撞击时产生的毁伤能力最大,而球形弹丸最小。因此,基于标准球形弹丸获得的弹道极限方程低估了航天器遭受空间碎片撞击损伤的风险,而基于真实碎片特征长度的弹丸形状效应研究将对现行的球形弹丸弹道极限方程（或曲线）做出更合理的修正。