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1.
Hansen Karin Vels Kreka Kosova Jacobsen Torben 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2019,23(3):811-822
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Local cathodic polarizations of yttria-stabilized zirconia were carried out with a PtIr probe as the working electrode in a controlled atmosphere high... 相似文献
2.
Torben Maack Bisgaard 《Semigroup Forum》2004,68(1):25-46
There is a countable cancellative commutative *-semigroup S withzero (in fact, a *-subsemigroup of G × N0 for some abelian group G carrying the inverse involution) such that the answer to the question “if f is a function on S , with values in Md(C) (the square matrices of order d) and such that $\sum^{n}_{j,k=1} \lbrak f(s^*_k s_j)\xi_j, \xi_k \rbrak \ge 0$ for all n in N, s1, . . . , sn in S , and $\xi_1$, . . . , $\xi_n$ in Cd, does it follow that $f(s) = \int_{S^*}\sigma (s) d\mu(\sigma) (s \memb S)$ for some measure $\mu$ (with values in Md(C)+ , the positive semidenite matrices) on the space S of hermitian multiplicative functions on S?” is “yes” if d = 1 but “no” if d = 2 (hence also for d > 2). 相似文献
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Rasmussen T Jensen JF Ostergaard N Tanner D Ziegler T Norrby PO 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2002,8(1):177-184
The selectivity-determining step in enantioselective copper-catalyzed cyclopropanation with diazo compounds has been studied by experimental and computational methods. The addition of the very reactive metallacarbene intermediate in an early transition state to the substrate alkene is concerted but strongly asynchronous, with substantial cationic character on one alkene carbon in the neighborhood of the transition state. Evidence from isotope effects and Hammett studies supports the nature of the transition state. Formation of a metallacyclobutane intermediate by a [2+2] addition is kinetically disfavored. Ligand-substrate interactions influencing the enantio- and diastereoselectivity have been identified, and the preferred orientation of the alkene substrate during the addition is suggested. 相似文献
6.
Coupling rates between the radicals methyl, n-, sec-, tert-butyl and benzyl (R.) and the aromatic radical anions of 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene, 9,10-dicyanoanthracene and fluorenone (A-.) have been obtained using a new laser-flash photolysis method. The radicals R. and the radical anions A-. were generated by a photoinduced electron transfer reaction between the aromatic compound A and the alkyl or benzyl triphenylborate anion RB(Ph)3-. For the first time the rate constants of the coupling reaction between methyl and benzyl radicals with aromatic radical anions have been obtained. For all the measured coupling rate constants an average value of k1 = 1.9 x 10(9) M-1 s-1 was found with a relatively small variation in the coupling rates (0.8-2.9 x 10(9) M-1 s-1). The results demonstrate that the coupling rate k1 is insensitive to changes in the steric and electronic properties of the radicals and the structure and standard potentials of the aromatic radical anions. 相似文献
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Dr. Marina Büchert Torben Steenbock Christian Lukaschek Marie C. Wolff Prof. Dr. Carmen Herrmann Prof. Dr. Jürgen Heck 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(44):14351-14361
Parallel alignment of dipolar electron‐donor–π‐bridge‐electron‐acceptor entities can strongly enhance their nonlinear optical properties. This favorable arrangement can be in principle achieved by linking these units covalently or through metal coordination. Four dipolar single‐strand chromophores decorated with a 5‐electron‐donor–5′‐electron‐acceptor‐modified 2,2′‐bipyridine functionality were synthesized. For two of these chromophores triple‐stranded dendritic structures were successfully formed. All of the compounds were characterized with respect to their linear and nonlinear optical properties. For the aldehyde derivatives an enhancement of the first hyperpolarizability of 4.5 rather than 3 was obtained when going from single to triple strands. Theoretical calculations with density functional theory suggest that interstrand transitions contribute to the optical properties of the dendritic structures. 相似文献
9.
A simple Maxwell-Wagner-Butler-Volmer approach to the impedance of the hydrogen electrode in a nafion fuel cell 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A simple one-dimensional model of the impedance of a hydrogen/Nafion electrode is set up combining the usual Maxwell-Wagner approach for linear, homogeneous, and isotropic media with the linearized Butler-Volmer equation for the interfacial, electrochemical reaction. Only one relaxation semicircle is normally seen in the Nyquist diagram, but a low-frequency arc may appear at high overvoltages. The model is described by only two dimensionless parameters (in addition to the dimensionless frequency). These parameters are related to the double-layer capacitance and to the interfacial electrochemical reaction rate, respectively. With some adjustments, the model can be used to explain the observed equilibrium impedance from 40 to 70 degrees C of a symmetric cell of the type C/Pt/H(2)|Nafion 117/H(2)/Pt/C. The hydrogen electrodes in this cell were built up as a disperse multiphase region (carbon, platinum grains, Nafion 117, and hydrogen gas) as commonly done in solid polymer fuel cells. 相似文献
10.
Niels Olaf Østerberg Torben Smith Sørensen Jørgen Birger Jensen 《Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry》1981,119(1):93-108
The emf of electrochemical cells containing various sorts of salt bridges between various concentrations has been measured. The net diffusion potential over a salt bridge has been treated theoretically. An expression to calculate the net diffusion potential has been derived and tested on values estimated from the emf measurements. A merit factor has been calculated for a saturated KCl bridge separating two HCl solutions and compared with the merit factor estimated from emf measurements on the cell:Pt|Ag|AgCl, HCl(c1)|KCl(sat)|HCl(c2), AgCl|Ag|Pt The practical performance of two commonly used reference electrodes with salt bridges has been tested on emf measurements on KBr solutions. 相似文献