Dynamic mechanism of epileptic seizures generation and propagation after ischemic stroke

Nonlinear Dynamics - Epilepsy is the second largest neurological disease which seriously threatens human life and health. The one important reason of inducing epileptic seizures is ischemic stroke...     

无粘结剂ZSM-11催化剂上异丁烯直接胺化生成叔丁胺

叔丁胺是一种重要的化工原料和中间体,广泛应用于制备橡胶促进剂、医药、农药和着色剂等下游产品.异丁烯在分子筛催化剂上直接胺化生产叔丁胺是一个经济环保过程,其中ZSM-5和BEA分子筛的催化性能优于其它系列分子筛.ZSM-11与ZSM-5分子筛具有相似的孔道结构,我们以前的实验结果表明,与ZSM-5相比,ZSM-11表现出更优越的芳构化反应性能,在干气中乙烯低温芳构化方面也有明显优势.在此基础上,我们进行无粘结剂ZSM-11分子筛催化剂合成,并应用于异丁烯直接胺化生产叔丁胺反应.传统水热技术合成的分子筛通常为粉末,机械强度不能达到实际应用的要求,在工业化过程中分子筛粉末一般需要加入粘结剂成型使其具备一定的机械强度和形状,但是粘结剂会降低分子筛催化剂的活性和选择性,有可能会引发一些副反应,因此无粘结剂分子筛催化剂引起人们广泛关注.无粘结剂分子筛是指分子筛颗粒中不含惰性粘结剂或只含有少量粘结剂,主要依靠分子筛晶粒间的相互作用支撑存在,具有一定形状、尺寸和机械强度的催化材料.无粘结剂分子筛催化剂中分子筛含量较高,可利用的有效表面积较大,在离子交换及工业催化等方面具有明显优势.本文采用水热合成的ZSM-11分子筛原粉与二氧化硅机械混合(ZSM-11/SiO2=70/30)挤条后,通过气固相合成法制备了无粘结剂ZSM-11分子筛催化剂(Cat-C).作为对比,还分别制备了ZSM-11和SiO2机械混合(ZSM-11/SiO2=70/30)样品HZSM-11+SiO2及ZSM-11和氧化铝机械混合(ZSM-11/Al2O3=70/30)样品HZSM-11+Al2O3.利用X射线衍射、透射电镜、NH3程序升温脱附和吸附吡啶红外光谱等对分子筛催化剂的物理化学性能进行了表征.同时,以这些分子筛样品为催化剂,在固定床反应装置上进行了异丁烯胺化反应评价,反应条件为270℃,5.0 MPa,氨烯比为4和异丁烯空速0.5 h?1.结果表明,与HZSM-11+SiO2和HZSM-11+Al2O3相比,Cat-C上叔丁胺生成速率最高.关联催化剂物化性能和反应性能发现,催化剂孔道结构与叔丁胺生成并不存在明显的关联性,而较多的Br?nsted酸和较少的Lewis酸才是Cat-C具有良好反应性能的主要原因.具有一定机械强度的无粘结剂ZSM-11分子筛催化剂制备简单,在异丁烯直接胺化过程中叔丁胺生成速率高,具有很好的工业化应用前景.     

The detection of tetrahydrofuran hydrate formation and saturation using magnetic resonance imaging technique

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate was formed in bulk as well as in glass beads pack with a mean diameter of 3.0 mm by controlling the temperature under ambient pressure. Images of THF hydrate formation procedure were obtained using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. The experiment results showed that MRI is an effective method for the detection of hydrate formation. Saturation of hydrate formed both in bulk and glass beads can be confirmed by intensity integration of MRI images.     

Equilibrium conditions for CO2 hydrate in porous medium

Experimental phase equilibrium conditions data for carbon dioxide (CO₂) hydrate in porous medium with the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) solution were investigated in this study. The experimental data were generated using graphic-method in presence of solutions contained (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) mol/L NaCl. The results indicated the increase of NaCl concentration caused the enhancement in the equilibrium pressure of CO₂ hydrate as the pore size and the temperature were kept the same. Effects of NaCl solutions on CO₂ hydrate equilibrium conditions could be neglected when the temperature is lower than ice point. An improved model was used to predict CO₂ hydrate equilibrium conditions, and the predictions showed good agreement with experimental measurements.     

Hydrogen bonds at silica–CO2 saturated water interface under geologic sequestration conditions

To investigate the effects of sequestration condition on hydrogen bonds between mineral and water, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed. The simulations were conducted at conditions related with geologic sequestration sites: pressure (3.1–32.6 MPa), temperature (318 and 383 K), salinity (0–3 M), salt (NaCl and CaCl₂) and silica surface models Q² (geminal), Q³ (isolated) and amorphous Q³. The hydrogen bonds were classified into four types: silica–silica, silica–dissolved CO₂, silica–water as donors and silica–water as acceptors. The mean numbers of hydrogen bonds for each type were analysed. The results show that: (1) silica surface silanol groups do not form H-bonds with dissolved CO₂ molecules in water (brine); (2) The mean number of hydrogen bonds between silanol groups follows the order: Q² > amorphous Q³ > Q³; (3) The mean number of hydrogen bonds between silanol and water molecules follows the order: Q³ > amorphous Q³ > Q².     

METHANE REFORMING WITH CARBON DIOXIDE TO PRODUCE SYNGAS?a?aCATALYST REGENERATION

The regeneration conditions of the deactivated catalyst 18wt%NiO/a-A12O3 used in methane reforming with carbon dioxide were studied by using a fix-bed flow reactor and TPR technique. When the deactivated catalyst was reduced at 1 123 K in a conventional regeneration process, the activity increased a little, but was still much lower than that of the fresh catalyst. When the deactivated catalyst was reduced, then treated in site With an activity-rejuvenating agent of 5-10 vo1% C (aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution) and reduced again at 1123K, the activity was renewed to approach that of the fresh one.     

Nested-spectral analysis reveals a disruption of behavioral-related dynamic functional balance in the aging brain

The relationship between the age-related reorganization of brain networks and individual behavior has attracted much attention. However, how age induces changes in neural activity at different frequencies in the brain to balance the demands of network integration and segregation, and how age-induced changes in network integration and segregation relate to behavior remain enigmatic. Here, a nested-spectral partition method was used to analyze behavioral-related dynamic functional balance in the aging brain with electroencephalogram signals collected from 56 healthy participants (age: 20–80 years) at rest. The nested-spectral partition approach measures hierarchical segregation and integration across multiple levels by detecting hierarchical modules in brain functional networks. Declines in general personality and general cognitive ability in older adults were captured by exploratory factor analysis. We showed that the brain network of elderly individuals contains more hierarchical modules to generate higher segregation, and it is closer to the functional balance state in the theta and alpha bands but away from this state in the gamma band. Meanwhile, the abnormal variability of functional balance in the elderly brain supports more flexible transitions between segregated and integrated states in the alpha band but reduces the transitions in the beta and gamma bands. Crucially, the degeneration of general personality and general cognitive ability is significantly associated with higher segregation and abnormal flexibility of the brain, especially in the theta, beta, and gamma bands. Our results provide deep insights from a spectral partitioning perspective into the brain dynamic mechanisms that are associated with age-related personality and cognitive degeneration.

     

工业用Ni／Al2O3催化剂的再生

工业用Ｎｉ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂的再生徐国林，史克英，商永臣，范业梅，徐恒泳（哈尔滨师范大学化学系哈尔滨１５００８０）关键词矾土负载镍，催化剂，合成气，再生镍负载型催化剂在化学工业上具有极其广泛的用途，本文提出了这类催化剂再生过程中活性物种的疏活作用，...     

天然气和二氧化碳转化制合成气的研究Ⅵ Ni／Al_2O_3催化剂再生的疏活机理

采用γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３为载体，以硝酸镍、硝酸镁和稀土硝酸盐为原料，按常规浸渍法制备镍负载型催化剂，其中Ｎｉ含量为９．１７％，助剂ＲＥ_２Ｏ_３和Ｍｇ含量分别为５．１８％和１．８０％，该催化剂简称为Ｎ－５－ＲＭ。催化反应评价采用双套管石英反应器，在多功能固定床流动反应装置上进行，以天然气和二氧化碳转化为探针反应，采用连续反应法评价催化剂性能。以反应尾气中合成气摩尔百分数表征催化剂活性。采用理光Ｄ／ｍａｘ－ｒ－Ｂ型Ｘ射线衍射仪测定催化剂晶相。实验发现，催化剂长期使用失活的主要原因是由于活性中心Ｎｉ￣０与载体Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３间形成难还原的ＮｉＡｌ_２Ｏ_４物种，以及活性中心Ｎｉ￣０聚集形成晶相，从而降低了催化剂表面活性中心数。ＴＰＲ结果指出，ＮｉＡｌ_２Ｏ_４物种在高温下通氢气可以得到充分还原。然而，此时催化剂活性仍明显低于新鲜催化剂活性。ＸＲＤ结果表明，此时催化剂存在很强的Ｎｉ￣０衍射峰，说明尽管高温还原已使形成ＮｉＡｌ_２Ｏ_４的Ｎｉ￣（２＋）还原为Ｎｉ￣０，但高温还原又进一步使活性Ｎｉ￣０聚集成晶相，因而降低了催化剂表面活性中心数。这说明，对ＮｉＡｌ_２Ｏ_４的活化仅通过常规高温还原是不够的。２０％过氧化氢水溶液（以下简称