Insertion Chemistry of Lutetacyclopropene toward Unsaturated C−O/C−N Bonds

Although the reaction chemistry of transition metallacyclopropenes has been well-established in the last decades, the reactivity of rare-earth metallacyclopropenes remains elusive. Herein, we report the reaction of lutetacyclopropene 1 toward a series of unsaturated molecules. The reaction of 1 with one equiv. of PhCOMe, Ar¹CHO (Ar¹=2,6-Me₂C₆H₃), W(CO)₆, and PhCH=NPh provided oxalutetacyclopentenes, metallacyclic lutetoxycarbene, and azalutetacyclopentene via 1,2-insertion of C=O, C≡O, or C=N bonds into Lu−C_sp2 bond, respectively. However, the reaction between 1 and Ar²N=C=NAr² (Ar²=4-MeC₆H₄) gave an acyclic lutetium complex with a diamidinate ligand by the coupling of one molecule of 1 with two carbodiimides, irrespective of the amount of carbodiimide employed. More interestingly, when 1 was treated with two equiv. of Ar¹CHO, the reductive coupling of two C=O bonds was discovered to give a lutetium pinacolate complex along with the release of tolan. Remarkably, the reactivity of 1 is significantly different from that of scandacyclopropenes; these metallacycles derived from 1 all represent the first cases in rare-earth organometallic chemistry.     

Determination of the inhibitory effect of green tea extract on glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase based on multilayer capillary enzyme microreactor

Natural herbal medicines are an important source of enzyme inhibitors for the discovery of new drugs. A number of natural extracts such as green tea have been used in prevention and treatment of diseases due to their low‐cost, low toxicity and good performance. The present study reports an online assay of the activity and inhibition of the green tea extract of the Glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) enzyme using multilayer capillary electrophoresis based immobilized enzyme microreactors (CE‐IMERs). The multilayer CE‐IMERs were produced with layer‐by‐layer electrostatic assembly, which can easily enhance the enzyme loading capacity of the microreactor. The activity of the G6PDH enzyme was determined and the enzyme inhibition by the inhibitors from green tea extract was investigated using online assay of the multilayer CE‐IMERs. The Michaelis constant (K_m) of the enzyme, the IC₅₀ and K_i values of the inhibitors were achieved and found to agree with those obtained using offline assays. The results show a competitive inhibition of green tea extract on the G6PDH enzyme. The present study provides an efficient and easy‐to‐operate approach for determining G6PDH enzyme reaction and the inhibition of green tea extract, which may be beneficial in research and the development of natural herbal medicines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

List star edge coloring of k-degenerate graphs

A star edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring such that every connected 2-colored subgraph is a path with at most 3 edges. Deng et al. and Bezegová et al. independently show that the star chromatic index of a tree with maximum degree $\Delta$ is at most $?\frac{3\Delta }{2}?$, which is tight. In this paper, we study the list star edge coloring of $k$-degenerate graphs. Let $c{h}_{st}^{\prime }\left(G\right)$ be the list star chromatic index of $G$: the minimum $s$ such that for every $s$-list assignment $L$ for the edges, $G$ has a star edge coloring from $L$. By introducing a stronger coloring, we show with a very concise proof that the upper bound on the star chromatic index of trees also holds for list star chromatic index of trees, i.e. $c{h}_{st}^{\prime }\left(T\right)\le ?\frac{3\Delta }{2}?$ for any tree $T$ with maximum degree $\Delta$. And then by applying some orientation technique we present two upper bounds for list star chromatic index of $k$-degenerate graphs.     

CoNi-embedded nitrogen-enriched porous carbon framework for long-life lithium–sulfur batteries

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Metal–organic framework (MOF) derivatives are excellent energy storage devices such as lithium–sulfur batteries. Here, a bimetallic...     

Solvent Effect on the Photocatalytic Activity of g-C3N4/BiOBr and its Effect on Degradation of Acetochlor

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - g-C3N4/BiOBr composites were obtained via solvothermal method. XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV–Vis DRS, BET, and BJH methods were used to characterize the...     

Resonant-Mie-scattering of aggregates of phosphomolybdate and papaverine for measuring activities and screening inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes

A resonant-light-scattering (RLS) method was proposed to quantify phosphate for screening inhibitors of isozymes of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE). In acidified mixtures of phosphate, papaverine and molybdate, there were aggregates exhibiting micrometre sizes, no absorbance peaks over 360 nm but strong RLS peaks at 392 nm; Mie scattering thus accounted for the RLS signals. When papaverine was added before molybdate to acidified samples of phosphate, RLS signals at 392 nm were stable from 5 to 25 min since the addition of molybdate; after optimization, phosphate from 0.40 to 3.60 μM was quantifiable. This RLS method tolerated 60 mg L⁻¹ proteins besides common PDE inhibitors and dimethyl sulfoxide in acidified samples of phosphate; the integration of this RLS method with the coupled action of a phosphomonoesterase on PDE product was thus rational to measure PDE activities without the removal of proteins in samples. By quantifying activities of a truncated mutant of human PDE4B2 via this RLS method, Michaelis–Menten constant, inhibition constants of rolipram, papaverine and theophylline varied over three magnitudes and were consistent with those estimated by an improved malachite green assay of phosphate, respectively. Hence, this novel RLS method was promising for screening inhibitors of PDE isozymes.     

Synthesis and Mesogenic Properties of Novel Terthiophene Derivatives

To develop novel oligothiophene‐based liquid crystals involving hydrogen bonding, new terthiophene derivatives containing a stearylamide group, N,N′‐distearyl‐5,5″‐dicyano‐2,2′∶5′,2″‐terthiophene‐4,4″‐dicarboxamide (DNC₁₈DCN 3T) and N,N′‐distearyl‐5,5′‐dipropyl‐2,2′∶5′,2′‐terthiophene‐4,4″‐dicarboxamide (DNC₁₈ DP3T), were designed and synthesized, and their thermal behavior examined. Although DNC₁₈DP3T did not exhibit liquid crystallinity, DNC₁₈DCN3T was found to form smectic A phase.     

限域NiCo合金纳米颗粒高效催化生物质衍生物水相加氢脱氧

将储量丰富的生物质及其衍生物转化为具有高附加值的燃料和化学品被认为是一种有前景的绿色途径,可以极大地减少人们对传统化石资源的依赖.作为木质纤维素热解的直接产物和生物油升级的模型化合物,香草醛可以通过加氢脱氧(HDO)过程选择性地转化为2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯酚(MMP).MMP是一种有价值的化学品,常用于香料和药物等重要中间体的合成.在过去十年里,大量的金属催化剂被用来催化香草醛HDO转化为MMP.其中,贵金属(Pt,Pd,Ru和Au)虽然活性高,但是其储量低、价格昂贵,不利于工业化应用;而非贵金属(Fe,Co,Ni和Cu)的催化活性普遍较低,需要苛刻的反应条件来提高转化效率和选择性.此外,这类HDO反应大都在有机溶剂中进行,容易造成环境污染.因此,开发高效、稳定的非贵金属催化剂用于水相HDO反应是一个巨大的挑战.一般来说,合金纳米颗粒(NPs)具有强烈的协同效应,能产生良好的配位结构和电子环境,从而显著提升催化活性和选择性.基于此,本文首次采用了一种简单可控的合成方法来制备三聚氰胺海绵负载的氮掺杂碳纳米管(N-CNTs)限域的Ni-Co合金NPs(NiCo@N-CNTs/CMF)催化剂.该催化剂具有优异的HDO性能,在2 MPa H2,120oC反应6 h条件下,能在水相中将生物质衍生的香草醛高效转化为MMP,转化率和选择性均达到100％.相比于单金属的Ni@N-CNTs/CMF和Co@N-CNTs/CMF催化剂,香草醛转化率和MMP选择性都有大幅度的提高.而且,在温和的反应条件下,该催化剂对香草醛衍生物和其他芳香醛类化合物同样表现出优异的HDO性能,拥有100％的转化率以及较高的MMP选择性(91.5％～100％).XPS结果表明,Ni-Co形成合金后发生了电子结构的偏移,即Co原子可以从邻近的Ni原子处得到电子,提高Co电子云密度,从而促进对香草醛中C=O键的吸附.DFT计算结果表明,相比于单金属的Ni和Co,Ni-Co合金化后能显著提高对C=O键的选择性吸附和活化.同时,H2解离后形成的活性H*物种在Ni-Co合金NPs表面更容易脱附并参与催化反应.因此,Ni-Co@N-CNTs/CMF催化剂优异的HDO性能主要是由于Ni-Co合金NPs的协同作用大大促进了其对C=O键的选择性吸附和活化,以及活化氢物种的脱附.本文为设计和制备高效的非贵金属催化剂应用于水相的HDO反应提供了一个新策略.     

A High Sensitivity Electrochemical Sensor Based on Fe3+‐Ion Molecularly Imprinted Film for the Detection of T‐2 Toxin

The excellent detection sensitivity in various matrices of T‐2 toxin (T‐2), which has cytotoxic and immunosuppressive effects in DNA and RNA synthesis, is a highly desirable characteristic. A sensitive molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was constructed for the selective detection of T‐2. In this study, iron ions (Fe³⁺) were introduced to increase the chelation of the metal ions and templates for preparing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). With the increased chelation of the metal ions and templates, the selectivity and sensitivity of the MIPs were effectively improved. The imprinted sensor was successfully employed to detect T‐2 in cereals and human serum samples.