Hydraulic activity of C4A3Cr in presence of C4A3S

This paper deals with synthesis and assessment of the hydraulicity of C₄A₃Cr, analog phase C₄A₃S to , relevant to the phase chemistry and properties of sulfoaluminate cements. C₄A₃Cr, synthesized at 1250 °C is well crystallized phase, latently hydraulic, with hydration accelerated in the presence of C₄A₃S, or CS. Calorimetric curves show reciprocal influence of sulfate and chromate phase in hydration of C₄A₃S-C₄A₃Cr system. The total heat expressed at hydration is nearly the same for all specimens, but the rate of heat evolution depends on the ratio of C₄A₃S/C₄A₃Cr phases. X-ray diffraction pattern and DTA curves showed that, increasing content of C₄A₃Cr in hydrating mixture results in a coexistence of two types of ettringite (chromate and sulfate ettringite) hydrogarnet, gibbsite and monosulfate. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fluoroapatite - material for medicine,Growth, morphology and thermoanalytical properties

Fluoroapatite containing glass-ceramics were prepared from Li₂O-CaO-CaF₂-P₂O₅-SiO₂ system. The glass was melted at 1480°C for 1 h. The object of observation was the preparing crystal phase of fluoroapatite in amorphous glass matrix. The morphology of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics was studied by SEM. The crystal growth and thermal properties of fluoroapatite were studied by X-ray diffraction and DTA. The more the content of P₂O₅, the more the presence of fluoroapatite particles. SEM investigation clearly indicated the phase separation and formation of a primary crystalline phase of fluoroapatite in the studied glass-ceramics. DTA curves of the fluoroapatite samples exhibit exothermic effects in the temperature range 337-694°C depending on the composition of the materials. The position of exothermic peak for lithium disilicate on DTA curves moves with increasing specific surfacetowards lower temperatures which points on its preferential surface crystallization. As far as physical qualities are concerned, mainly color and gloss, the best qualities of all observed materials belong to glass-ceramics with 10% P₂O₅. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The microstructure and optical transmittance thermal analysis of sodium borosilicate bio-glasses

The conditions to fabricate the bulk porous specimens have been studied on account of sodium borosilicate (NBS) glasses. Glass composition, heat treatment at phase separation and TiO₂ addition have been considered in this study. Original glass samples of composition in mol%: sample A: 9.19 Na₂O - 23.58 B₂O₃ - 67.23 SiO₂, sample B: 9.29 Na₂O - 3.17 TiO₂ - 23.82 B₂O₃ - 63.72 SiO₂ were prepared by melting reagent grade chemicals (Na₂CO₃, HBO₃, SiO₂ and AgNO₃) in platinum crucibles at 1480°C for 1 h in air. The melts were poured onto stainless steel plates and were annealed at 500°C for 0.5 h after cooling. Thus, obtained samples were phase separated at 700°C for 2, 15, 25 and 50 h to study their microstructure by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Besides the direct study of the microstructure by SEM, information on glass structural changes of samples are provided by measuring in situ changes by the optical transmittance thermal analysis. The isothermal measurements were carried out at 700, 720 and 740°C. The temperature of phase separation, the leaching and nucleator addition (TiO₂), significantly influence the microstructure of the resulting leached product. TiO₂ additive seems to suppress crystallization of cristobalite: especially at the extended above heat treatment phase separation runs. The phase-separated domains of glasses containing above 80 moles of SiO₂ are so small that it is very hard to observe them by SEM. The glass composition in our case was selected in a way to have relatively large phase separated areas easily observed by SEM at magnification 20 000·. The influence of TiO₂ is not too pronounced. It seems to suppress the cristobalite crystallization, especially of longer heating runs. The image analysis of leached glasses shows the prevailing content of the skeletal phase in a comparison to pores. The TiO₂ content diminishes the content of the skeletal phase. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ionic conductivity of crystalline and glassy Mg4.5Na7(P2O7)4

In our work single crystals of Mg_4.5Na₇(P₂O₇)₄ were prepared, pulverized, pressed into pellets and sintered in order to measure the electrical conductivity of polycrystalline specimens. The conductivity was also measured on glassy specimens obtained by the melting of previously prepared crystals. The electrical conductivities at 25°C with values of the order of 10⁻¹⁶ Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for polycrystalline samples and a value of the order of 10⁻¹⁴ Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for glass, show that the glassy phase of Mg_4.5Na₇(P₂ because of its greater molar volume and loosely packed structure, is a better matrix for ionic motion.     

Light scattering simulations relevant to crystallization of lithiumdisilicate glass

The virtual microstructures relevant to lithiumdisilicate glass crystallization have been created as an environment to compute the light scattering. The input data in computations include the number density of crystals, refractive indices of involved glassy and crystalline phases, the wavelength of the incident beam radiation, and the virtual sample slab thickness. The computations are performed under a number of simplifying conditions. They treat cases with proposed constant number densities of crystals, assuming their random volume distribution. The shape of the crystals is approximated by spheres. The results are expressed graphically in the form of theoretical optical transmission (OT) patterns, as they evolve on the crystal size axis. They reveal an influence of input data on computed OT. As evident from computations, some sets of input data will favor the real OT method's detection limits. The opposed sets of data will aid following the crystallization to the higher sample crystallinity degree α.     

Crystal structure of lithium magnesium phosphate,LiMgPO4: Crystal chemistry of the olivine-type compounds

LiM_gPO₄ is orthorhombic, space groupPnma,a=10.147(2),b=5.909(2),c=4.692(2)×10^–10 m,D _m =3000(8),D _x =2980 kg m^–3,Z=4,R=4.8% for 1262 observed reflections. The structure contains tetrahedral PO₄ and octahedral LiO₆ and MgO₆ groups. It belongs to the ordered olivine-type structures, since the inversion site is occupied by Li⁺ ions and the mirror site is taken by Mg²⁺ ions. The distortion of polyhedra is caused mainly by the adjustment stresses between the different polyhedral dimensions and by the sharing of edges. Octahedral LiO₆ share six and MgO₆ share three common edges. The sharing of the O-O edges contributes to the stability of the bridging arrangements. The corresponding average distances of the O-O bridges are 2.432, 2.479, 2.883, and 3.028×10^–10 m, while the average O-O distances in the PO₄, MgO₆, and LiO₄ polyhedra are 2.512,2.921, and 3.015 × 10^–10 m, close to the ideal values 2.531, 2.970, and 3.026×10^–10 m respectively. The structure field of the olivine-type compounds plotted as a function of ionic radii in radius space is specified in relation to the-K₂SO₄, spinel, and K₄NiF₄ type structures. From the overlap of the structure fields, the high-pressure transformations of the olivine compounds are considered.     

On the configurational splitting of strangeness analog state

Signatures and behaviour of s^–1s configurations are qualitatively discussed. Suppression of baryon-decay channels and an enhancement of cluster-decay channels are the relevant signals. The hypernuclear-quanta from constitute a novel example of the decay of s^–1 s^–1s configuration.Dedicated to the memory of M. Gmitro.We dedicate this article to our colleague and friend Dr. Marian Gmitro, whose premature death brought a profound grief upon our community. During years, his activities and knowledge in meson-nuclear physics have been very helpful in further development of hypernuclear physics. Also, his role in an efficient topical collaboration between Soviet and Czechoslovak physicists is to be greatly acknowledged.     

Excitation and structure of hypernuclear resonances in (K −,π ¯0)-reactions on 1p-shell nuclei

The available experimental data on the excitation functions (EF) of the 1p-shellΛ-hy-pernuclei in (K ^?, π^?) reactions atθ _π = 0^° has been analysed in terms of shell model and weak coupling scheme. It is substantiated by the experimental data on the neutron spectroscopic factors and on the fragmentation of nuclear hole excitations. The pronounced nuclear spectroscopic characteristics in the hypernuclear spectra are indicative of a weak coupling ofΛ-hyperon with nuclear subsystem. The analysis has made it possible to determine the difference is single-particle energies ofΛ-hyperon in the 1p- and 1s-states and to obtain additional evidence for the smallness of theΛ-nucleus spin-orbit interaction. The resonance structure of EF of hypernuclei, which were not studied in (K ^?,π ₀ ^? ) reactions, is predicted. The interrelated aspects of the studies of the (K ^?,π ₀ ^? ), (K ^?,π ₀ ^? β^′), and (K ^?, π⁺) reactions which are of interest to spectroscopy ofΛ-andΣ-hypernuclei are discussed.     

Influence ofp-shell nuclei structure on the formation of hypernuclear resonances

In the translationally invariant shell model the supermultiplet structure of the 1 states ofp-shell hypernuclei is studied. Fragmentation of the strangeness analogue state is discussed and the spectroscopic amplitudes for all decay channels are estimated.Presented at the symposium Mesons and Light Nuclei, Liblice, Czechoslovakia, June 1981.