Experimental comparison of performance and emission characteristics of 4-stroke CI engine operated with Roselle and Jatropha biodiesel blends

The environmental degradation, combined with the continuous depletion of the world's fossil fuel reserves, has forced the search for alternative fuels. This study was performed to investigate the performance of novel biodiesels in the CI engine. The experiments were performed at three different compressions ratios (16:1, 17:1, 18:1) and four loading conditions (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Different types of fuels such as jatropha biodiesel (JB), roselle biodiesel (RB), and ternary biodiesel (TB) were prepared and analyzed. The thermal performance of different fuels was analyzed in terms of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT). The emission characteristics such as CO₂ emission, NO_x emission, and smoke emission were analyzed for all types of fuels. The results of these fuels in the engine were compared with mineral diesel (MD). The BTE was increased with increasing compression ratios and loads for all types of fuels. The BSFC was increased with increasing compression ratios but decreased with increasing loads. The increase in emission of NO_x was observed at higher compression ratios and loads. However, the CO₂ emission was decreased at higher loads and lower compression ratio. The performance curves achieved with a 20% jatropha biodiesel blend showed results that were approximate to those obtained with pure MD. The comparative analysis between different fuels showed that JB exhibit higher thermal performance as compared to other biodiesels. Therefore, JB can be a better alternative to conventional fuel.     

Study of the usability of sinusoidal function heat flux based on enthalpy-porosity technique for PCM-related applications

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The present study summarizes a two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation of a phase change material (PCM) melting/solidification processes in a square...     

MHD mixed convection in an inclined cavity containing adiabatic obstacle and filled with Cu–water nanofluid in the presence of the heat generation and partial slip

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In the present paper, the performance of the graphene oxide in the solar steam generation has experimentally been examined. For this purpose, a setup...     

Microstructure investigation of equal channel angular pressed aluminium by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy

In the present work, investigations on the microstructure of a commercial purity 1100 aluminum that had been subjected to moderate to strong deformation (strains of 1 to 4) by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) were carried out using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). A significant grain refinement and development of heterogeneous microstructure after ECAP were observed. High precision XRD and SEM investigations provided useful results on the dissolution of coherent iron rich precipitates, previously formed in the aluminium matrix, by ECAP deformation process. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Modeling and optimization of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using particle swarm algorithm with constriction coefficient

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The present study aims at estimating the values of an electrochemical model parameter of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). A variant of the...     

Thermal stability of hybrid nanofluid with viscous dissipation and suction/injection applications: Dual branch framework

The thermal stability of nanomaterials is quite necessary for controlling the heat and cooling phenomenon. It is worthy observed that much research has been focused scientists towards the thermal significance of nanoparticles with multidisciplinary engineering and industrial applications. On this end, this report explores the improved thermal mechanism water base material with interaction of hybrid nanofluid stretching and shrinking surface. The cooling and heat phenomenon is observed in presence of viscous dissipation. The hybrid nanofluid characteristics are inspected with combination of copper $\left(Cu\right)$ and aluminum oxide $\left(A{l}_2{O}_3\right)$ nanoparticles with stable prospective. The consideration of such hybrid nanoparticles is due to impressive thermal characteristics and stable thermal performances. Although some studies are focused by researchers on hybrid nanofluid, however the measurement of thermal stability is not claimed yet. The stretching and shrinking configuration specify the porous medium features. The problem is compiled into dimensionless structure which is further preceded via bvp4c scheme. The resultant ODEs are successfully numerically solved using the bvp4c solver technique. Under restricting conditions, numerical findings are compared to previously published results. Non-dimensional profiles of velocity and temperature are shown graphically. Furthermore, graphs and tables show the effects of the physical parameters used on the reduced skin friction and heat transfer rate. Dual branches are found in specified domain of suction factor.     

MHD mixed convection of $$ {\text{Al}}_{2} {\text{O}}_{3} $$ Al 2 O 3 –Cu–water hybrid nanofluid in a wavy channel with incorporated fixed cylinder

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This study deals with mixed convection of $$ {\text{Al}}_{2} {\text{O}}_{3} $$ –Cu–water hybrid nanofluid in a wavy channel having a...     

Crystal structure of mixed rubidium–ammonium hydrogen sulfate Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 at room temperature

The structure of Rb_0.7(NH₄)_0.3HSO₄ has been determined by X-ray analysis. The mixed compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with unit cell parameters a = 14.374(6) Å, b = 4.618(6) Å, c = 14.412(2) Å, = 118.03(2)°, V = 844.4(4) ų, and D _cal = 1.536 g cm^–3 for Z = 8. The mixed compound Rb_0.7(NH₄)_0.3HSO₄ is a chain-based structure. The Rb⁺ and NH₄ ⁺ cations are intercalated between chains, formed of HSO₄ ^- groups linked with OHO hydrogen-bonding. Rb_0.7(NH₄)_0.3HSO₄ presents a new type of structural arrangement different from those of pure RbHSO₄ and NH₄HSO₄.