HPTLC Procedure for Determination of Levonorgestrel in the Drug-Release Media of an In-situ-Forming Delivery System

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Synthesis of Poly (methyl methacrylate)/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite with Core-Shell Morphology by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

A method to prepare zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with a covalently bonded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shell by surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was reported. First, the initiator for ATRP was covalently bonded onto the surface of zinc oxide nanoparticles through our novel method. Firstly, the surface of ZnO nanoparticle was treated with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, a silane coupling agent, and then this functionalization nanoparticle was reacted with α-chloro phenyl acetyl chloride to prepare atom transfer radical polymerization macroinitiator. The metal-catalyzed radical polymerization of MMA with ZnOmacroinitiator was performed using a copper catalyst system to give the ZnO-based nanoparticles hybrids linking PMMA segments (poly (methyl methacrylate)/zinc oxide nanocomposite). These hybrid nanoparticles had an exceptionally good dispersability in organic solvents and were subjected to detailed characterization using FTIR, TEM and TGA and DSC analyzed.     

The effect of additives on naltrexone hydrochloride release and solvent removal rate from an injectable in situ forming PLGA implant

Biodegradable in situ forming drug delivery systems for naltrexone release are promising for post‐treatment of drug addicts. The effect of two different additives, glycerol and ethyl heptanoate, on the naltrexone hydrochloride release and solvent removal from a poly(DL ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) injectable implant is presented in this article. The experimental results showed that the in vitro initial release of the drug was decreased in the presence of these additives. Ethyl heptanoate was, however, more effective than glycerol and increasing the amount of additives in PLGA solution up to 5% (w/w) resulted in a decrease of initial naltrexone release rate up to 50%. The morphological evaluation of implants using scanning electron microscopy indicated that the additives generated a less porous structure together with a finger‐like to sponge‐like transition. The solvent removal profiles of injectable implants, which can be well described by thermogravimetric and morphological analysis, were in good agreement with drug release profiles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A rapid and efficient method for synthesis of new 3-arylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one derivatives catalyzed by acetic anhydride under solvent-free and microwave conditions

In this study we have described the synthesis of new 3-arylidene isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one derivatives. Condensation reaction of phthalic anhydride and quinoline derivatives under solvent-free condition and microwave irradiation in the presence of acetic anhydride as catalyst in good excellent yield is reported.     

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide in binary mixtures using combined discrete and continuous wavelet transforms

In this work, a combined discrete and continuous wavelet transform analysis was developed for simultaneous spectrophotometric determinations of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide, two antidiabetic drugs, in binary mixtures without any chemical pretreatment. Absorption spectra were subjected to the 4-level db4 discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for signal de-noising. Selected continuous wavelet transform (CWT) families (rbio3.1 with scaling factor, a = 80, and gaus2, a = 60) were applied on these de-noised signals. Finally, a zero-crossing technique was used for the construction of calibration curves for both drugs. The proposed method was validated by analyzing synthetic mixtures of the investigated drugs with various concentrations. The amount of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide were determined by using CWT amplitudes in zero-crossing points. The mean recovery values of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide were found between 98.6-102.0 and 97.9-102.4% for rbio3 and 98.3-101.2 and 97.1-101.4% for gaus2 families, respectively. The obtained results showed that the developed method is a simple, rapid and precise procedure for the simultaneous determination of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide in binary mixtures.     

Influence of Gd3+ and Dy3+ co-doping and sintering regime on enhancement of electrical conductivity of ceria-based solid electrolyte

In order to improve the conductivity of ceria-based solid electrolytes, effect of co-doped Gd³⁺ and Dy³⁺ was evaluated. For this purpose, nano-crystalline Gd_0.2???x Dy _x Ce_0.8O_1.9 powders with various composition ranges (x?=?0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) were initially synthesized by high-energy milling method. The effect of micro-structural evolution and co-doping on electrical properties of the dense sintered samples fabricated by two-step sintering and conventional sintering of the synthesized powders were investigated. Electrical conductivity of the samples was discussed based on the results obtained by AC impedance spectroscopy at temperatures in the range of 300–700 °C. The co-doping and sintering regime were found to significantly influence the conductivity of the electrolytes. The electrical conductivity of the co-doped samples depends on Dy³⁺ content and the maximum conductivity obtained by 0.15 mol% Dy and 0.05 mol% Gd. The conductivity of Gd_0.2???x Dy _x Ce_0.8O_1.9 (x?=?0.15) was 0.03 S/cm at 700 °C. A thorough discussion was made, based on the present experimental data.